运输范围经济与规模经济比较

采用理论和实际相结合的方法,分析运输范围经济和规模经济的内涵,从理论和实证两个方面指出运输范围经济与规模经济的相互区别及内在联系,确定运输业存在范围经济和规模经济两种经济形式。最后,在此基础上提出推进我国道路运输范围经济与规模经济发展的有效政策措施。     

论企业的多元化

随着我国加入世贸组织,中国企业正面临着越来越激烈的竞争,经营的多元化也更多的成为企业决策时的选择。然而,有些企业由于对多元化的本质认识不够,在实行多元化战略的过程中暴露出一些问题,有些企业甚至陷入了所谓的多元化经营危机。本文将就企业在多元化经营方面的一些问题做经济学的理论探讨,并为中国企业在多元化经营方面提供一点决策建议。     

Is equilibrium in transport pure Nash,mixed or Stochastic?

The classical theory of transport equilibrium is based on the Wardrop’s first principle that describes a Nash User Equilibrium (UE), where in no driver can unilaterally change routes to improve his/her travel times. A growing number of economic laboratory experiments aiming at testing Nash-Wardrop equilibrium have shown that the Pure Strategy Nash Equilibrium (PSNE) is not able to explain the observed strategic choices well. In addition even though Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibrium (MSNE) has been found to fit better the observed aggregate choices, it does not explain the variance in choices well. This study analyses choices made by users in three different experiments involving strategic interactions in endogenous congestion to evaluate equilibrium prediction. We compare the predictions of the PSNE, MSNE and Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE). In SUE, the observed variations in choices are assumed to be due to perception errors. The study proposes a method to iteratively estimate SUE models on choice data with strategic interactions. Among the three sets of experimental data the SUE approach was found to accurately predict the average choices, as well as the variances in choices. The fact that the SUE model was found to accurately predict variances in choices, suggests its applicability for transport equilibrium models that attempt to evaluate reliability in transportation systems. This finding is fundamental in the effort to determining a behaviourally consistent paradigm to model equilibrium in transport networks. The study also finds that Fechner error which is the inverse of the scale parameter in the SUE model is affected by the group sizes and the complexity of the cost function. In fact, the larger group sizes and complexity of cost functions increased the variability in choices. Finally, from an experimental design standpoint we show that it is not possible to estimate a noise parameter associate to Fechner error in the case when the choices are equally probable.     

乡镇汽车客运站场规模确定方法研究

通过对传统乡镇汽车客运站场规模确定方法不足的分析,针对农村旅客运输特点,对乡镇汽车客运站的功能进行了定位,从农村客运站场网络体系优化出发,提出了协调法确定乡镇汽车客运站场规模,建立了相应的站场规模调整模型,并给出了计算步骤和相关参数的标定方法及部分推荐值。最后通过成都市青白江区的实例验证了方法的可行性。     

GCU-100轨道衡的可靠性设计

轨道衡的可靠性设计是轨道衡设计中的重要组成部分。文章从轨道衡可靠性预测、轨道衡电器部分设计、轨道衡衡体设计和轨道衡衡体拉杆分析几个方面论述了GCU-100轨道衡的可靠性设计。     

对JJG234—1990《动态称量轨道衡》修订的若干问题分析

结合现行国际法制计量组织（OIML）国际建议R106《自动轨道衡》以及我国轨道衡检定的实际情况,分析对JJG234—1990《动态称量轨道衡》的修订应关注的若干问题,包括检定规程的名称,准确度等级、分度值和最大允许误差,法制管理要求和检定方法等方面。     

大藤峡水利枢纽通航建筑物规模研究

文章针对大藤峡水利枢纽通航建筑物规模小、过坝货运量不断增大的现状,结合原设计通航建筑物规模,提出了调整大藤峡水利枢纽通航建筑物规模的6个方案,同时通过对6个调整方案的船闸通行能力进行计算分析,获得了满足远期运输需求的最优方案。     

高强轻质混凝土框架的抗震性能研究及在铁路旅客站房上的应用

在对高强轻质混凝土和普通混凝土力学特性对比分析的基础上,以某铁路旅客站房为例,运用SAP2000有限元软件,对C40、LC40两种材料的混凝土框架进行动力特性和地震作用反应谱对比分析。首次进行1∶5比例的两层两跨高强轻质混凝土框架模型的缩尺试验,对框架的破坏机制、延性及恢复力特性进行数据收集和分析,其研究结论表明:高强轻质混凝土框架具有良好的滞回特性和耗能能力,可满足地震区抗震性能的要求。     

铁路500m长钢轨生产工艺流程及规模的探讨

针对目前铁路焊轨基地的实际,对长钢轨焊接工艺进行说明,通过工艺流程示意图,详细介绍铁路500 m长钢轨生产的工艺流程。原料为100、25 m钢轨时,分别计算日生产长钢轨能力,从而确定年生产规模。根据生产能力和实际调研,确定原料轨存轨台、长钢轨时效台、长钢轨成品台、工位规模及辊道线间距,为将来新建或改建长钢轨焊接基地提供数据参考。