“绿量”概念在公路绿化中的应用及实现途径

公路绿化是改善路域生态环境不可或缺的环节,其生态效益发挥决定于植物的选择与配置。在我国,公路绿化存在重景观、轻生态功能的倾向,难以最大限度发挥绿色植物的自然生产能力。因此,运用新型绿化指标衡量公路绿化生态效益、考量企业绿化绩效,对于指导公路绿化建设具有积极意义。将绿量概念引入到公路绿化建设中,详细阐述绿量的含义与计算方法,并提出实现途径。     

Costs and benefits of US aviation noise land-use policies

Aircraft noise affects human health and welfare. One method US airports use to mitigate the impact of noise on nearby residents is through sound insulation and residential land acquisition projects. Costs of residential insulation and acquisition projects are taken from federal grant summaries while the benefits of noise reduction are calculated as the combined willingness-to-pay for abatement and direct and indirect costs of illness from hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. We show that the average cost of sound insulation projects is $15,600 per person affected while that of land acquisition is $48,900 per person affected. We find that for only in 15% of projects do the benefits to residents from willingness-to-pay for reduction and reduced risk of mortality and morbidity exceed the costs of sound insulation for residences exposed to 65 dB Day Night Level (DNL) of noise. Our estimates suggest that noise insulation projects are more cost-effective than fleet wide mandatory aircraft retirement.     

轻轨交通审批与建管的法规标准研究——轻轨之法

对比地铁，指出轻轨和有轨电车在立项审批、规划设计、运营安全方面存在法规缺失和标准薄弱等问题。由于轻轨和有轨电车概念不清晰，在立项审批上，轻轨和有轨电车的审批权限不够明确，各地有轨电车立项审批的要求、要件不一致；在规划设计方面，部分新型轨道交通以及以C型车为基础的轻轨系统规划设计标准尚有缺失；在运营安全方面，《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》中尚无专门针对有轨电车和轻轨方面的条例。建议在轻轨概念分级分类的基础上，划分审批权限和申报程序；补充有轨电车线网规划编制标准和新型轨道交通的设计标准，并在《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》中补充轻轨和有轨电车运营安全等方面的立法以及相关管理办法。     

VTS工程的费用效益后评价方法

本文根据我国主要港口ＶＴＳ的建设特点，对我国ＶＴＳ工程费用效益后评价的方法进行了研究和探讨，给出了费用效益后评价的指标和定量计算公式。通过对几个主要港口的ＶＴＳ后评价，表明该评价方法能够较准确地反映ＶＴＳ的效益评估情况，对今后的ＶＴＳ工程建设和进一步完善ＶＴＳ的运行和管理体制具有一定的指导和借鉴作用。     

Financing urban rail projects: The case of Los Angeles

This paper describes the potential use of the financing strategy of value capture or benefit assessment for an urban mass transportation project. The paper describes the legal background to the use of benefit assessment, and the process of implementation for the first construction phase of the Los Angeles Metro Rail project. The process of developing the benefit assessment structure was a consultative one, utilizing technical inputs from a team of specialist consultants, a task force consisting of major developers and property owners in the affected area, and politicians representing many of the interests in the region. The initial benefit assessment districts were set up to raise $130 million of the cost of the first 4.4 miles of the rail project, and are based on the benefits accruing to certain categories of property in the vicinity of stations. The assessment would be collected for about 18 years and bonding would be used to provide the capital at the time of construction.The paper describes the procedure for setting boundaries, the structuring of the assessment rates, the definition of benefiting properties, and the uses and tenure of the assessment. In almost all cases, the theory of value capture indicated a different result than was achieved from a consensus of the task force, and the nature of these differences is explored in the paper. The establishment of the benefit assessment districts withstood early court challenges, but has subsequently been appealed and was overturned on appeal. Action is pending with the Supreme Court currently, and efforts are also underway to pass new legislation to deal with some of the issues raised in the court proceedings.     

中国VTS的发展历程

本文回顾了中国ＶＴＳ的发展历程;对中国ＶＴＳ系统的类型、规模、功能、水平、机构和人员情况进行了全面评价;介绍了中国ＶＴＳ的作用和效益;阐述了今后的发展政策     

GPON技术在安哥拉卫星城用户实现方式的探讨

针对安哥拉卫星城一期实施的配套电信工程,采用GPON技术实现语音、数据、有线电视三网合一的整体设计方案,以及GPON技术在社区内几种不同实现方式的探讨。     

郑州至万州铁路河南段速度目标值选择

郑州至万州铁路是《铁路"十二五"发展规划》中快速铁路网中重要组成部分,也是河南省"米"字形快速铁路通道的重要组成部分,是我国西南地区通往中原、华北、东北地区便捷快速客运主通道和欧亚大陆桥中快速客运通道的重要组成部分,同时兼顾沿线城际及旅游客流运输。速度目标值是项目最重要的一项参数,而各方意见分歧很大,直接影响到项目的推进,为此结合本线功能定位,从路网布局、运量水平及特征、列车开行方案、运行时间、出行时间价值、工程投资、效益和能耗因素等8个方面,对速度250 km/h和350 km/h两个方案进行系统比较,建议采用350 km/h速度目标值方案,目前这一方案已经通过审查部门组织的各阶段审查,并已经进入实施建设当中。     

兰新二线强风地区防沙措施效益评价

基于现场观测试验,掌握试验段全年大风特征,并对不同类型的阻沙措施与固沙措施的防沙效果进行对比分析。结果表明:百里风区试验段的主导风向为NNW,烟墩风区试验段的主导风向主要为NE、ENE,分别占全年风向的21%和26%;百里风区阻沙措施性价比依次为:金属涂塑网措施斜插板式挡沙墙箱式挡沙墙插板式挡沙墙;烟墩风区阻沙措施性价比依次为:金属涂塑网措施高立式PE网措施斜插板式挡沙墙插板式挡沙墙;固沙措施性价比依次为:芦苇方格石方格沙方格;在现场试验研究的基础上,综合考虑工程造价和现场实际情况,建议试验段阻沙措施采用金属涂塑网沙障,固沙措施采用石方格沙障。     

城际铁路票制的选择

城际铁路速度高,又兼具城市轨道交通运量大、开行密度大、公交化等特点,建议为城际铁路移植一卡通票制。以既有的湖北城际铁路线为例,考虑客票实名制及便携性,提出采用居民第二代身份证作为一卡通票制技术实现的平台,并详细地论证了其可行性;借鉴广珠城际铁路的实践经验,给出在湖北城际铁路运营中推行一卡通票制的具体方案。对远期全部施行一卡通票制的效益进行了估算。一卡通票制可适用于湖北城际铁路的运营实践,可兼为铁路投融资平台建设提供新途径。