商用车平衡轴壳有限元分析

汽车悬架是衔接车桥与车架,保证车辆正常平稳行驶的系统,属于汽车的关键总成。平衡悬架中的平衡轴壳作为板簧的承载机构和载荷传递机构,在设计中对其强度及变形有较高的要求。基于某型车平衡悬架的平衡轴壳进行了静强度分析,基于分析结果给出了改进建议及结论。     

全承载大型客车车身骨架梁单元与壳单元模型有限元计算对比

建立某款全承载大客车车身骨架梁单元、壳单元有限元模型并分析计算,对比模态、扭转静刚度和静强度分析结果并进行了试验验证。从反映整车性能的模态和扭转静刚度分析结果看,两种模型吻合较好,且与试验结果的相对误差小;从反映整车局部性能的静强度分析结果看,两种模型计算结果存在差异,壳单元模型计算结果与试验结果较吻合,梁单元模型计算得到的应力值普遍低于试验结果。     

动荷载作用下沥青路面寿命预估

基于4自由度的1/2车辆振动模型,以路面不平整度为激励,运用系统动力学和车辆振动理论分析了不平整路面上的行车动荷载;采用修正Shell永久变形理论,考虑荷载和环境的综合作用,计算了动荷载作用下路面产生的永久变形和平整度的衰变规律;并结合某高速公路路面平整度检测结果,参照质量规范得出路面的剩余使用寿命,建立了动荷载作用下的沥青路面剩余寿命计算与预估的方法。研究结果表明,应用该法不但能够较为准确地预测沥青混凝土路面的剩余使用寿命,还能为准确评价道面使用品质和制定费用-效益最佳路面养护方案提供依据。     

Study on the preciseness of hot spot stress of web-stiffened cruciform welded joints derived from shell finite element analyses

A new simple and accurate shell FE-based structural Hot Spot Stress (HSS) determination method for web-stiffened cruciform joints has been proposed. Local stress of welded joints in full-scale bulk carrier (BC)’s lower stool models subject to bending and pressure loadings are examined. HSSs determined by the proposed method are compared with those derived by Lotsberg’s method and the conventional 0.5t-1.5t extrapolation. As results, following are found:

(1)

The local stress of full-scale BC lower stool models with various stool angle and plate thickness can be calculated accurately solely from shell FE results by means of the proposed method.

(2)

HSSs of welded joints in full-scale BC lower stool models subject to bending and pressure loadings derived by the proposed method show good agreement with the target HSSs determined from fine solid models. This demonstrates the validity of the proposed method for actual ship structures under the real load.

(3)

The excessive safety allowance of HSS determined by the conventional 0.5t-1.5t extrapolation can be reduced substantially by adopting Lotsberg’s method or our proposal. The proposed HSS determination method gives more accurate estimates compared to Lotsberg’s method under the conditions chosen, and the application range of the proposed method is equal to or wider than Lotsberg’s method.

     

青岛西海岸珊瑚贝桥创意构思与总体设计

青岛西海岸珊瑚贝桥连接西海岸滨海大道和名人岛（人工岛）,功能定位为青岛滨海标志性景观桥梁,桥梁全长290 m,主桥为40 m+70m+70 m+40 m钢结构连续箱梁,梁上设置钢结构空间曲面异形拱,引桥为35 m+35 m钢结构连续箱梁。结合青岛城市文化和桥位环境,通过新颖的创意构思和创新的设计方法,将结构设计和景观设计融为一体,珊瑚贝桥的建成效果达到预期,成为青岛乃至全国的标志性景观桥和网红桥。重点介绍该桥的创意构思理念、总体设计以及钢结构施工情况。     

菱形孔支撑板换热器的流动和传热性能研究

弓形折流板换热器作为最常见的传统管壳式换热器,其存在着容易结垢、流阻过大等缺陷,文章针对菱形孔支撑板换热器,通过数值模拟方法进行流动和传热性能研究。结果表明,两种菱形孔支撑板方案的壳侧努塞尔数Nuo相较于弓形折流板方案分别提高了52.20%和51.95%,为异型孔纵向流换热器的优化与选型提供设计参考。     

导流管结构设计方法研究

对导流管结构区域进行了划分,对导流管结构设计的规范要求进行了研究。分析并得到了三种导流管结构设计方法,包括壳板、加强隔板、支撑结构的设计,刚度衡准条件,以及焊接工艺的设计。对大型拖网加工船的导流管进行设计计算,分析对比了不同设计方法的计算特点和适用范围。对比认为方法二的设计考虑了冰区航行船舶的要求,具有更广泛的适用性。     

Influence of mesh size,stress triaxiality and damage induced softening on ductile fracture of large-scale shell structures

In this investigation, ductile fracture in stiffened and unstiffened panels is simulated employing the fracture criterion, which depends on the mesh size, stress state and damage induced softening. The aim of the study is to show that employed fracture criterion removes mesh size effects more efficiently than traditional fracture criteria adjusted only on the basis of uniaxial tension. Fracture model is implemented into Finite Element software ABAQUS using user-defined material, VUMAT-subroutine, available for shell elements. Mesh size sensitivity analysis is carried out. Finite element simulation results are validated with experimental measurements available in literature. Comparison of numerical and experimental results shows that simulations effectively capture most of the experimentally observed features, especially when considering different mesh densities. In most cases, mesh size effects are considerably reduced compared with the fracture criteria adjusted on the basis of a uniaxial tension.     

公路软岩隧道半刚性网壳锚喷衬砌新技术研究

用钢筋焊接成的格构式金属棚子作为隧道支护喷层内部的加强撑,与型钢支架一样,其架间仍是弱支护部分,难以承受较大的变形地压,所以隧道工程中通常仅用其作为施工期间的临时衬砌结构。文章设计出新型网壳喷层衬砌并进行整架结构试验,完成网壳锚喷支架工业性试验,达到用较少材料又提高喷层支撑能力与让压的目标,证明网壳锚喷支架是结构合理、工艺简单、能承受高应力的新型支架。     

铁道行业标准《机车、动车用柴油机零部件主轴瓦及连杆轴瓦》介绍

TB/T1435—2009《机车、动车用柴油机零部件主轴瓦及连杆轴瓦》,是由TB/T1435—1993《内燃机车柴油机用主轴瓦及连杆瓦技术条件》修订而成。着重分析修订后的新标准与原标准在技术内容方面的变化,以及新标准中增加和删减的技术内容。