船舶浮态计算方法及船舶浮态图谱

本文用化非线性问题为线性问题的线性化方法,对非线性隐式的船舶浮态方程组进行了数值解,并在深入研究的基础上提出了两种形式浮态图谱,以便能迅速而准确地确定船舶各种不同装载情况下的浮态。本文给出了五万吨油轮“西湖”号算例。     

大跨度高铁斜拉桥钢-混结合主梁收缩徐变研究

为研究钢混结合主梁混凝土桥面板的收缩徐变对大跨度高铁无砟轨道斜拉桥的影响,以昌吉赣客专赣江特大桥为工程背景,采用Midas Civil软件建立全桥精细化数值分析模型,考虑钢混结合梁混凝土桥面板不同的加载龄期,分析结合梁斜拉桥在收缩徐变效应下变形及受力的变化。结果表明:赣江特大桥结合梁在施工成桥初期至运营5年后,钢混结合梁混凝土桥面板收缩徐变引起面板及钢箱梁的应力变化情况均满足规范要求,桥面板及钢箱梁在施工成桥1年后收缩徐变完成50%以上,3年后完成80%左右;桥面板混凝土的加载龄期越长,混凝土收缩徐变对桥梁结构变形和受力的影响越小,并在混凝土加载龄期达到180 d后对桥梁结构的影响呈稳定趋势,将结合梁桥面板预制存放180 d后再进行吊装,可有效降低混凝土收缩徐变对此种结构正常使用期间力学行为的影响。     

水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石基层的龄期和强度

以水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石混合料的设计龄期和设计参数为研究对象,通过试验不同龄期的力学特性指标发现,120d龄期时混合料的强度发展已经基本完成,因此认定混合料的设计龄期宜为120d。在此基础上,通过变化集料级配和水泥剂量,研究确定出混合料7d龄期的抗压强度标准,120d龄期劈裂强度和抗压回弹模量的合理区间。     

Greenhouse gas emissions from ships in ports – Case studies in four continents

Emissions of GHG from the transport sector and how to reduce them are major challenges for policy makers. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships while in port based on annual data from Port of Gothenburg, Port of Long Beach, Port of Osaka and Sydney Ports. Port call statistics including IMO number, ship name, berth number and time spent at berth for each ship call, were provided by each participating port. The IMO numbers were used to match each port call to ship specifications from the IHS database Sea-web. All data were analysed with a model developed by the IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute for the purpose of quantifying GHG emissions (as CO₂-equivalent) from ships in the port area. Emissions from five operational modes are summed in order to account for ship operations in the different traffic areas. The model estimates total GHG emissions of 150,000, 240,000, 97,000, and 95,000 tonnes CO₂ equivalents per year for Gothenburg, Long Beach, Osaka, and Sydney, respectively. Four important emission-reduction measures are discussed: reduced speed in fairway channels, on-shore power supply, reduced turnaround time at berth and alternative fuels. It is argued that the potential to reduce emissions in a port area depends on how often a ship revisits a port: there it in general is easier to implement measures for high-frequent liners. Ships that call 10 times or less contribute significantly to emissions in all ports.     

Tuning of transfer functions for analysis of wave–ship interactions

Transfer functions are often used together with a wave spectrum for analysis of wave–ship interactions, where one application addresses the prediction of wave-induced motions or other types of global responses. This paper presents a simple and practical method which can be used to tune the transfer function of such responses to facilitate improved prediction capability. The input to the method consists of a measured response, i.e. time series sequences from a given sensor, the 2D wave spectrum characterising the seaway in which the measurements are taken, and an initial estimate of the transfer function for the response in study. The paper presents results obtained using data from an in-service container ship. The 2D wave spectra are taken from the ERA5 database, while the transfer function is computed by a simple closed-form expression. The paper shows that the application of the tuned transfer function leads to predictions which are significantly improved compared to using the transfer function without tuning.     

谈港口国船舶污染物接收设施问题报告的处置

文中探讨了一起国际航行船舶关于港口国船舶污染物接收设施问题报告的调查情况,介绍了此次船舶污染物接收设施问题报告的原因分析及采取的措施,并向接收设施的提供者和使用者给出了优化建议,明确了各有关部门在港口国船舶污染物接收设施履约工作上的重点。     

Full six degrees of freedom coupled dynamic simulation of ship collision and grounding accidents

By taking advantage of the user-defined load subroutine (loadud) and the user common subroutine (usercomm) in LS-DYNA, the authors proposed a new coupled approach for simultaneously calculating structural damage and the planar 3DOF ship motions in ship collisions. The coupled procedure aimed at predicting the detailed structural damage together with reasonable global ship motions. This paper extends the method to consider the full 6DOF ship motions; thus, ship collision as well as grounding accidents can be properly handled. This method is particularly useful for design purposes because the detailed ship hull profile is not needed.A traditional ship maneuvering model is used for the in-plane surge, sway and yaw degrees of freedom with a series of nondimensional coefficients determined from experiments. It is assumed that the out-of-plane degrees of freedom are not coupled with the in-plane ship motions, and there is no coupling among roll, pitch and heave motions. The implementation is verified through free decay tests, and the obtained natural periods show good agreement with theoretical results.Several collision and grounding cases are simulated in which a supply vessel crashes into rigid plates with different orientations. The effects of the roll motion, the heave and pitch motions and the full 6DOF motions are studied. The results are compared with those from a 6DOF decoupled method. Ship motions through the proposed method compare reasonably well with SIMO results. It is found that several consecutive impacts may occur in the simulation of one collision case due to the periodic motions. This is not taken into account in the decoupled method, which makes this method unconservative.     

试论船舶电气图纸审查的基本方法与注意要点

文章根据船舶电气图纸审查工作经验对船舶电气图纸审查的目的和意义、审查依据、送审图纸目录、审查要求等内容进行了归纳与总结,介绍了电气图纸审查的基本方法与注意要点,提出图纸审查过程中应注意的几个问题。     

舰船电力系统保护性能优化的自适应算法

为满足舰船电力系统保护在快速性和选择性方面的要求,提出保护性能优化模型,根据电力系统的运行方式、拓扑结构和故障类型的变化,实时在线计算并修改保护整定值的自适应保护方法。将快速性和选择性指标作为保护性能综合指标的基本元素,采用模拟退火粒子群算法进行优化,最终实现不同运行工况下保护性能最优的整定值自适应调整。并在PSCAD/EMTDC软件中建立包含自适应保护算法的舰船电力系统保护仿真模型,仿真结果证明所提方法可有效提高系统保护性能。     

Benefit of speed reduction for ships in different weather conditions

Currently, the shipping industry is facing a great challenge of reducing emissions. Reducing ship speeds will reduce the emissions in the immediate future with no additional infrastructure. However, a detailed investigation is required to verify the claim that a 10% speed reduction would lead to 19% fuel savings (Faber et al., 2012).This paper investigates fuel savings due to speed reduction using detailed modeling of ship performance. Three container ships, two bulk carriers, and one tanker, representative of the shipping fleet, have been designed. Voyages have been simulated by modeling calm water resistance, wave resistance, propulsion efficiency, and engine limits. Six ships have been simulated in various weather conditions at different speeds. Potential fuel savings have been estimated for a range of speed reductions in realistic weather.It is concluded that the common assumption of cubic speed-power relation can cause a significant error in the estimation of bunker consumption. Simulations in different seasons have revealed that fuel savings due to speed reduction are highly weather dependent. Therefore, a simple way to include the effect of weather in shipping transport models has been proposed.Speed reduction can lead to an increase in the number of ships to fulfill the transport demand. Therefore, the emission reduction potential of speed reduction strategy, after accounting for the additional ships, has been studied. Surprisingly, when the speed is reduced by 30%, fuel savings vary from 2% to 45% depending on ship type, size and weather conditions. Fuel savings further reduce when the auxiliary engines are considered.