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21.
用动态规划方法优化设计船舶车辆甲板结构 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于规范的车辆甲板结构优化设计在数学上是一个较大的非线性规划问题,而且为了满足实际需要,其中一些变量只能离散变化。本文将该问题处理为三阶段决策问题,因而能运用动态规划方法有效地求解。通过一个实例详细说明求解过程,从中看出应用动态规划方法解决基于规范的船舶结构优化设计问题的特色。 相似文献
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Emissions of GHG from the transport sector and how to reduce them are major challenges for policy makers. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships while in port based on annual data from Port of Gothenburg, Port of Long Beach, Port of Osaka and Sydney Ports. Port call statistics including IMO number, ship name, berth number and time spent at berth for each ship call, were provided by each participating port. The IMO numbers were used to match each port call to ship specifications from the IHS database Sea-web. All data were analysed with a model developed by the IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute for the purpose of quantifying GHG emissions (as CO2-equivalent) from ships in the port area. Emissions from five operational modes are summed in order to account for ship operations in the different traffic areas. The model estimates total GHG emissions of 150,000, 240,000, 97,000, and 95,000 tonnes CO2 equivalents per year for Gothenburg, Long Beach, Osaka, and Sydney, respectively. Four important emission-reduction measures are discussed: reduced speed in fairway channels, on-shore power supply, reduced turnaround time at berth and alternative fuels. It is argued that the potential to reduce emissions in a port area depends on how often a ship revisits a port: there it in general is easier to implement measures for high-frequent liners. Ships that call 10 times or less contribute significantly to emissions in all ports. 相似文献
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Transfer functions are often used together with a wave spectrum for analysis of wave–ship interactions, where one application addresses the prediction of wave-induced motions or other types of global responses. This paper presents a simple and practical method which can be used to tune the transfer function of such responses to facilitate improved prediction capability. The input to the method consists of a measured response, i.e. time series sequences from a given sensor, the 2D wave spectrum characterising the seaway in which the measurements are taken, and an initial estimate of the transfer function for the response in study. The paper presents results obtained using data from an in-service container ship. The 2D wave spectra are taken from the ERA5 database, while the transfer function is computed by a simple closed-form expression. The paper shows that the application of the tuned transfer function leads to predictions which are significantly improved compared to using the transfer function without tuning. 相似文献
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铸钢件毛坯浇冒口切割及打磨时存在噪音大、弧光强烈、粉尘污染严重,增加了人工操作时的劳动强度,并严重影响操作人员的身体健康。本文针对这些问题,拟以铁路车辆摇枕铸钢件浇冒口切割及打磨为例,提出了单工位打磨、流水线式多工位合作的打磨清理方案,设计了自动化打磨单元,实现机械化、自动化操作,既提高了铸件打磨清理的质量和生产率,又大大改善了工人操作条件,减轻了工人的劳动强度,达到了“以机代人”的目的,对铸钢件实现绿色化乃至智能化生产具有重要意义。 相似文献
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文中探讨了一起国际航行船舶关于港口国船舶污染物接收设施问题报告的调查情况,介绍了此次船舶污染物接收设施问题报告的原因分析及采取的措施,并向接收设施的提供者和使用者给出了优化建议,明确了各有关部门在港口国船舶污染物接收设施履约工作上的重点。 相似文献
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By taking advantage of the user-defined load subroutine (loadud) and the user common subroutine (usercomm) in LS-DYNA, the authors proposed a new coupled approach for simultaneously calculating structural damage and the planar 3DOF ship motions in ship collisions. The coupled procedure aimed at predicting the detailed structural damage together with reasonable global ship motions. This paper extends the method to consider the full 6DOF ship motions; thus, ship collision as well as grounding accidents can be properly handled. This method is particularly useful for design purposes because the detailed ship hull profile is not needed.A traditional ship maneuvering model is used for the in-plane surge, sway and yaw degrees of freedom with a series of nondimensional coefficients determined from experiments. It is assumed that the out-of-plane degrees of freedom are not coupled with the in-plane ship motions, and there is no coupling among roll, pitch and heave motions. The implementation is verified through free decay tests, and the obtained natural periods show good agreement with theoretical results.Several collision and grounding cases are simulated in which a supply vessel crashes into rigid plates with different orientations. The effects of the roll motion, the heave and pitch motions and the full 6DOF motions are studied. The results are compared with those from a 6DOF decoupled method. Ship motions through the proposed method compare reasonably well with SIMO results. It is found that several consecutive impacts may occur in the simulation of one collision case due to the periodic motions. This is not taken into account in the decoupled method, which makes this method unconservative. 相似文献
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为了总结面向智能车辆的现役道路设施行驶适应性,即现役道路基础设施承载智能车辆行驶的适宜程度,阐述自主智能驾驶定义与驾驶自动化等级分类,在此基础上剖析不同等级间的人机功能差异,并分别从感知层、感知-决策层、决策-控制层探讨与道路设计要素相关联的人机功能差异,通过归纳总结智能车辆与道路几何要素、路面性能及其他道路要素(如道路标线)的相互作用机制研究,从道路工程角度及其他道路要素方面回顾该领域的研究现状,指出存在的问题和未来发展方向。研究结果表明:相比传统车辆,配置高等级自动驾驶系统的智能车辆对现役道路设施行驶适应性最高,主动安全系统次之,而驾驶辅助及有条件自动驾驶系统适应性不足。而目前研究主要问题包括:难以归纳、标定不同驾驶自动化等级间的人机功能差异及其对于道路设计参数的需求设计值;测试道路场景条件过于理想,考虑的驾驶自动化等级单一,试验规模和样本有限;道路几何、路面性能以及道路标志、标线等道路要素与智能车辆间的相互作用机制研究不足,缺乏与不同道路场景相匹配的智能车辆驾驶特征数据的获取手段。因此建议:重视并推动与道路设计要素相关联的关键人机功能差异指标信息共享;联合高保真且可交互的道路场景、高精度感知传感器物理模型、车辆动力学模型及微观交通流模型,利用测试场景自动化生成、极限工况场景搜寻与泛化等技术开展智能驾驶虚拟测试,突破现有研究的深度和广度;探索反映不同等级智能车辆的道路行驶适应性特征指标与评价标准,精准、有效地评估预测复杂道路场景及不利道路条件下的行驶适应性。 相似文献