Multi-objective optimization of a road diet network design

The present study focuses on the development of a model for the optimal design of a road diet plan within a transportation network, and is based on rigorous mathematical models. In most metropolitan areas, there is insufficient road space to dedicate a portion exclusively for cyclists without negatively affecting existing motorists. Thus, it is crucial to find an efficient way to implement a road diet plan that both maximizes the utility for cyclists and minimizes the negative effect on motorists. A network design problem (NDP), which is usually used to find the best option for providing extra road capacity, is adapted here to derive the best solution for limiting road capacity. The resultant NDP for a road diet (NDPRD) takes a bi-level form. The upper-level problem of the NDPRD is established as one of multi-objective optimization. The lower-level problem accommodates user equilibrium (UE) trip assignment with fixed and variable mode-shares. For the fixed mode-share model, the upper-level problem minimizes the total travel time of both cyclists and motorists. For the variable mode-share model, the upper-level problem includes minimization of both the automobile travel share and the average travel time per unit distance for motorists who keep using automobiles after the implementation of a road diet. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is mobilized to solve the proposed problem. The results of a case study, based on a test network, guarantee a robust approximate Pareto optimal front. The possibility that the proposed methodology could be adopted in the design of a road diet plan in a real transportation network is confirmed.     

A network option portfolio management framework for adaptive transportation planning

A real option portfolio management framework is proposed to make use of an adaptive network design problem developed using stochastic dynamic programming methodologies. The framework is extended from Smit’s and Trigeorgis’ option portfolio framework to incorporate network synergies. The adaptive planning framework is defined and tested on a case study with time series origin-destination demand data. Historically, OD time series data is costly to obtain, and there has not been much need for it because most transportation models use a single time-invariant estimate based on deterministic forecasting of demand. Despite the high cost and institutional barriers of obtaining abundant OD time series data, we illustrate how having higher fidelity data along with an adaptive planning framework can result in a number of improved management strategies. An insertion heuristic is adopted to run the lower bound adaptive network design problem for a coarse Iran network with 834 nodes, 1121 links, and 10 years of time series data for 71,795 OD pairs.     

钱江通道及接线工程钱江隧道设计综述

在建的钱江隧道是高速公路项目钱江通道及接线工程下穿钱塘江的控制性工程,隧址位于钱塘江人海口,工程地质条件及河段水文条件复杂.隧道过江段采用盾构法施工,隧道直径为15.0 m,是目前世界上最大的盾构法隧道.文章详细介绍了钱江隧道工程的建设环境、建设标准,以及隧道平面、纵断面及横断面布置等总体设计方案,并对超大直径盾构隧道结构及防水、盾构浅埋下穿河流、软土地层深基坑、盾构段立体化平行作业及综合防灾系统等关键技术进行了阐述.     

基于空隙模型的大空隙沥青混合料设计

空隙率的大小对大空隙沥青混合料的渗透性及力学性能具有很大影响,透水铺面应根据用途选择合适的空隙率,在一定的水头（降雨强度）下利用空隙模型确定的目标空隙率进行混合料配合比设计．结果表明,空隙模型确定的目标空隙率可为混合料的配合比设计提供理论指导,提高了传统设计方法的工作效率和准确性．     

六安市淠望路大桥不对称独塔斜拉桥的设计

六安市淠望路斜拉桥为独塔双索面预应力混凝土斜拉桥,塔墩梁固结的两跨为不对称结构体系。对该桥采用的技术标准、结构设计、施工方案等的分析,对理论研究及工程实践具有一定的参考价值。     

考虑融沉的冻土地区沥青路面结构设计

地基融沉是造成冻土地区路面病害的主要原因之一,在路面设计当中需要对此进行有效考虑。在对冻土地区路面破坏模式分析的基础之上,采用力学方法和数学方法对诱发常见路面病害的冻土融沉规律进行研究,对冻土温度场与环境温度变化的相关性规律以及不同融沉条件下路面结构内部的应力应变场进行研究,并通过大量的分析计算以及实地观测,提出了考虑融沉的路面设计方法和流程。该方法能够使路面设计时有效考虑未来融沉可能对基层、面层等不同层位产生的附加应力,从而使得在路面结构设计初期能够更加有效地考虑冻土融沉的影响。     

基于MATLAB及参数化建模的起重机桁架式臂架结构优化设计

针对起重机桁架式臂架结构设计计算,运用MATLAB优化工具箱,分别采用了遗传算法和fmincon优化函数对其结构的目标函数和约束条件进行优化处理,研究了结构的强度、刚度、总体稳定性、局部稳定性等静态特性,并对优化后的结果与优化之前的数值进行对比分析,并通过在ANSYS中利用APDL语言参数化建模直观地观察出两者之间的差别以及这种优化设计的优越性.     

公路平面交叉口交通组织设计

交叉口是道路系统的重要组成部分,既是道路交通的咽喉,但也是"瓶颈"。存在行车速度低、事故率高、交通拥挤甚至交通堵塞等弊病。针对交叉口交通事故的严重性,提出进行交通组织设计的必要性。主要介绍了3种交通组织方法:设置专用车道、左转弯车辆的交通组织、组织渠化交通。并结合具体设计实例对交通组织设计进行进一步的分析和阐明。     

橡胶沥青同步碎石应力吸收层的设计研究

针对橡胶沥青同步碎石应力吸收层的使用特性,在McLeod经验设计法的基础上,提出了以抗剪强度作为力学设计指标,并形成了橡胶沥青同步碎石应力吸收层的力学—经验设计法,同时给出设计示例;对采用两方法设计的应力吸收层进行了性能对比。研究结果表明:力学—经验法设计能设计出具有更高的抗剪强度、抗拉强度和动稳定度的同步碎石应力吸收层,值得推广应用。     

高沁高速公路郑庄至里必段路线方案研究

结合山区地形,按照"以人为本"和"安全、环保、舒适、和谐"的新理念,对典型路段的路线方案进行优化设计、比选分析,最终选择最佳路线方案。