A simplified analytical method to estimate the resistance of plane lock gates impacted by river barges

This paper presents a simplified analytical method to evaluate the resistance of a single plating lock gate impacted by a river barge. The approach is based on the assumption that the gate behavior may be divided into two successive phases. At the beginning of the collision, local crushing of some structural elements occurs concomitantly with small overall elastic motion of the entire gate. Then, when the penetration of the barge into the gate becomes important, a global plastic mechanism develops over the entire structure. In addition to the membrane and bending deformations occurring classically in such collisions, the particular flat shape of the striking barge bow leads to shear deformations near the gate edges. For all these deformation modes, closed-form expressions of the gate resistance are derived for both local and global deformation phases by applying the upper-bound method. These analytical developments are then validated through comparisons with numerical solutions obtained from non-linear finite-element simulations.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of the behavior of ship windows subjected to quasi-static pressure loads

High load-carrying capacity of ship windows is important for ship safety. This aspect has recently become significant after several incidents with broken windows in superstructures had occurred. In order to get more insight into the failure behavior and into the interaction between glass windows and surrounding wall structure, experiments and numerical investigations of windows subjected to quasi-static as well as impact loads were performed. In this paper quasi-static ultimate load tests with full-scale test models, each containing a clamped or bonded laminated safety glass window, are described. Finite element modeling of the steel structure, laminated glass, and elastomer bonding or gasket is outlined in detail. Material data are based on small-scale tests of steel and glass specimens, and on published data. Afterwards a method to calculate failure probabilities of glass panes under pressure loads is presented. Failure probabilities for the glass panes in the tests are determined and failure mechanisms are clarified. Finally, hints for designing safe windows and for improving window designs are given.     

船旗国监督检查中对船舶维护保养之体系缺陷的检查和处理

该文通过对船旗国监督检查中船舶维护保养方面缺陷的进一步分析,试图找出缺陷背后船舶和岸基管理在船舶安全营运和防止污染管理体系运行方面存在的具体问题,一方面指导海事执法人员在船旗国监督检查中有效履行职责,另一方面也指导船舶管理公司和船长落实安全生产主体责任,有效运行船舶安全管理体系,切实提升船舶安全营运水平。     

内河汽车滚装船活动滚装区域的水喷淋系统研究

升降式甲板作为一种滚装船舶专用的特种设备,适用于需要在装载小型车与大型车间切换的滚装船舶。配置升降式甲板的船舶可根据装载需求,灵活切换装车甲板状态,提高运输效率。然而,在升降式甲板底部设置的传统压力水雾管路与消防总管的固定连接会对甲板升降造成阻碍,需要拆除部分管路并在甲板位置调整后重新连接。这无论从安全性和便利性来看均极为不利,一方面无法保证管路每次拆装后的密性,同时每次改变升降式甲板状态都需要拆装大量管路。该文主要提出侧向压力水雾喷淋的设计方案,用于解决升降式甲板的压力水雾消防问题。     

ANSYS有限元分析法在船舶审图中的应用——以110米趸船钢引桥审图为例

文章结合对110米趸船钢引桥有限元直接计算的审图分析,阐明应用ANSYS有限元分析方法进行审图的过程及注意要点,对船舶审图工作的开展提供了新的解决思路。     

基于有限元仿真的列车-桥梁防护墙碰撞研究

针对桥梁防护墙防护能力研究较为匮乏的现状,基于有限元理论,运用Hypermesh软件建立有砟无砟轨道桥梁上动车组头车与防护墙碰撞的有限元模型,采用数值仿真方法对动车组头车碰撞防护墙过程进行分析和研究,获得不同速度和不同冲角碰撞工况下防护墙的受力与变形及列车运行轨迹的变化。研究结果表明:动车组头车以较低速度、较小冲角碰撞防护墙时,防护墙受损破坏程度较轻;当碰撞速度较高、冲角较大时,防护墙受损程度较重,头车有轻微爬墙现象。加高防护墙后建立相关工况下的碰撞模型进行仿真计算,通过分析其碰撞过程和碰撞力、头车偏转角及速度随时间的变化情况,发现增高后的防护墙能有效抑制列车爬墙现象,列车运行稳定性较好。     

Emission control areas: More or fewer?

As the global sulphur limit implemented by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the further development of sulphur emission reduction technologies, the effects of Emission Control Areas (ECAs) on reducing the sulphur emissions from ships will be reduced gradually. To explore the necessity of ECAs in the near future, this paper introduces the fictitious sulphur emission permit allocated to shipping carriers for our considered region. We propose an ECA location problem, which determines the location of ECAs in order to minimize the impact of sulphur emissions on human health, while satisfying the constraint on the fictitious sulphur emission permit. A mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed for our investigated problem. Numerical experiments are carried out by using our proposed model applied to China and Africa, where the sulphur emissions at different sites are estimated via the fuel consumption calculated by collecting data from liner carriers. Results show that, for the case of China, the Bohai Rim, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta have a high probability for establishing ECAs. For the case of Africa, the Guinea Bay and South Africa have a high probability for establishing ECAs.     

An efficient FE computation for predicting welding induced buckling in production of ship panel structure

In a Thermal-Elastic-Plastic (TEP) FE analysis to investigate welding induced buckling of large thin plate welded structure such as ship panel, it will be extremely difficult to converge computation and obtain the results when the material and geometrical non-linear behaviors are both considered. In this study, an efficient FE computation which is an elastic FE analysis based on inherent deformation method, is proposed to predict welding induced buckling with employing large deformation theory, and an application in ship panel production is carried out. The proposed FE computation is implemented with two steps:(1) The typical weld joint (fillet weld) existing in considered ship panel structure is conducted with sequential welding using actual welding condition, and welding angular distortion after completely cooling down is measured. A TEP FE analysis with solid elements model is carried out to predict the welding angular distortion, which is validated by comparing with experimental results. Then, inherent deformations in this examined fillet welded joint are evaluated as a loading for the subsequent elastic FE analysis. Also, the simultaneous welding to assemble this fillet welded joint is numerically considered and its inherent deformations are evaluated.(2) To predict the welding induced buckling in the production of ship panel structure, a shell element model of considered ship panel is then employed for elastic FE analysis, in which inherent deformation evaluated beforehand is applied and large deformation is considered. The computed results obviously show welding induced buckling in the considered ship panel structure after welding. With its instability and difficulty for straightening, welding induced buckling prefers to be avoided whenever it is possible.