高职高专船舶工程技术专业技能培训方案研究

文章从造船企业对高职人才技能的要求入手,借鉴了国内外大型企业的职工技能培训方法,对南通航院的船舶工程技术专业船体建造和船舶舾装的技能培训方案进行了研究和制定。     

浅谈水泥稳定砂砾基层的施工方法

通过对水泥稳定砂砾基层施工过程的分析．提出此种路面施工的具体方法和质量控制要点。     

宁夏某水渠重金属污染底泥治理工程

宁夏某水渠重金属底泥治理工程,包括底泥污染分析、底泥清淤工程、底泥脱水工程及底泥重金属固化稳定化工程。该工程的成功实施证明所采用的工程技术、措施是有效的,可为其他类似的治理工程提供借鉴和参考。     

钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋横撑对动力和稳定性的影响

针对钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋横撑对整体桥梁结构的竖向抗弯刚度和扭转刚度的影响作用,运用通用有限元分析软件ANSYS对某一跨径为400 m的钢管混凝土拱桥建立空间有限元计算模型,分8种工况计算了该桥的动力特性和稳定安全系数,对比分析了横撑的位置、形式及数量等因素对这类型桥梁结构的动力性能和稳定性能的影响。计算结果表明,大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的拱脚和拱顶必须设置横向联系,拱脚横撑对面内基频的影响不大,对面外基频和结构稳定性影响大,而拱顶横撑对面外基频、面内竖弯基频以及稳定性影响不大,但对扭转基频影响显著,另外,"K"撑对动力和稳定性能的影响比"米"撑显著,建议在不改变横撑数量的情况下优先采用"K"撑。     

两级交变载荷下船体结构典型节点疲劳试验研究

江海直达船属于浅吃水大型宽船,往复航经江段和海段,其疲劳问题不容忽视。将江段和海段载荷简化为小和大2级交变载荷,选取较为典型的船底纵骨贯穿横舱壁节点,通过对比试验探讨2级交变载荷对该船疲劳寿命的影响。试验结果表明,在试验工况下,变幅载荷中的大载荷是导致裂纹扩展的主要因素,小载荷的参与会降低大载荷作用下裂纹扩展的速率。采用等效应力法对变幅载荷下节点的疲劳寿命进行评估,发现采用Miner准则所得结果偏保守,采用均方根法所得结果偏危险,采用修正的Miner准则所得结果精度较高,推荐采用该方法评估2级交变载荷下船体结构典型节点的疲劳寿命。     

Numerical estimation of ship resistance in broken ice and investigation on the effect of floe geometry

In this paper, a numerical model based on the non-smooth discrete element method is presented to investigate the effect of ice floe shape on ship resistance under low-concentration broken ice condition where ice fields consist of relatively small and unbreakable floes. The accuracy of the numerical model is validated by the comparison with a series of experiments conducted by the authors with artificial ice floes made from polypropylene (PP) material. The mean ice resistance estimated by the numerical model is in fairly good agreement with both the experimental results and those from the existing semi-empirical formulas. Additionally, the floe shape effect captured in the experiment, i.e. “rectangle-like” floes results in higher resistance than “elliptic-like” floes, is also predicted by the numerical model. Then, the validated numerical model is used to further investigate the effect of floe shape on ship resistance. It has been found that the rectangle floe results in higher ice resistance than other studied floe shapes. The ratio between the maximum and minimum caliper diameters of floe shows little influence on the ice resistance of ship. Finally, the effect of ice thickness on the ice resistance is also discussed.     

浅析船舶封闭舱室作业劳动安全防范

俗话说"行船三分险",船员除了舷外作业、绑解扎作业、吊缸作业、备洗舱作业等过程中存在的显而易见的危险之外,还存在相对隐匿、容易忽视的致命危险,船舶封闭舱室作业就是其中之一。文中针对一起典型的船舶封闭舱室作业人员伤亡事故案例进行了深刻剖析,阐述了在封闭舱室作业过程中的安全防护措施和注意事项,希望能够引起船员对船舶封闭舱室作业的高度重视,对防止人身伤亡事故的发生起到一定的作用。     

船舶碰撞溢油责任主体司法实践研究

互有过失船舶碰撞致一船溢油责任主体识别是一大难点,学者观点并不一致,实务中也有不同做法,不利于海洋环境的保护。在对船舶碰撞溢油案件收集梳理的基础上对数据进行对比分析,得出目前海事法院在审理船舶碰撞溢油案件时一定程度上存在同案不同判现象——既有让溢油船承担责任也有让非溢油方共同承担责任的结论。对船舶碰撞溢油责任承担认定不同原因进行剖析,以此为基础就溢油清除单位处理此类纠纷可能采取的对策进行探讨,并对海事法院统一司法实践提出了建议。     

Vertical and horizontal bending moments on the hydroelastic response of a large-scale segmented model in a seaway

Wave-induced vertical bending moment (VBM) and horizontal bending moment (HBM) on a large-scale segmented model with a box-type backbone beam in short-crested irregular seas are systematically analyzed using sea trial measurement data. New insights into the relationship between nonlinear VBM and HBM of the ship sailing in short-crested sea waves are explored and presented. The results indicate that the HBM significantly contributes to the total sectional loads when the ship is sailing in a seaway and the HBM has a strong correlation with VBM in both magnitude and tendency. Therefore, design loads of HBM and the corresponding lateral structural strength issues should also be concerned in addition to VBM at the ship design phase.     

Methodology for the simulation of a ship's damage stability and ultimate strength conditions following a collision

This paper presents a methodology called SHARC developed for the simulation and analysis of a ship's damage stability and ULS conditions following a collision. SHARC combines three types of methods: advanced nonlinear finite element simulations that simulate the collision scenario, a dynamic damage stability simulation tool called SIMCAP, and a modified Smith method for the ULS analysis of a collision-damaged ship structure. The novelty of the presented methodology is that it can be used for real-time simulations to study the ingress of water through the damage opening of a struck vessel and how it affects the ship's stability, structural integrity (ULS) and survival capability against, e.g., capsizing. The results for an intact and a damaged oil tanker under noncorroded and corroded structural conditions and various sea states are presented to demonstrate the features of SHARC.