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41.
Efficient port services are prerequisites for competitive and sustainable maritime transports. This paper makes advances in studying the determinants of the time that ships spend in port and the associated emissions to air. We estimate a production model for cargo handling based on a unique dataset containing each port of call at the largest container terminals in Norway in 2014. In turn, we use auxiliary engine emission factors to estimate particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions from ships at berth, to determine how the corresponding damage costs of air pollution vary with container throughput, location, and terminal investments. We find that Norwegian container terminals operate under increasing returns to density. Small ships that unload few containers are far from reaping economies of density, leading to high marginal time requirements for container handling and consequently high marginal external costs. From a Pigouvian taxation perspective, port charges should therefore be regressive in the number of containers handled. Moreover, we find that the external costs of maritime transports are severely understated when port operations are ignored. Our model allows determining the marginal productivities of port facilities. Thereby, it is instrumental in designing port charges that are diversified according to the quantity of containers handled and the service quality (i.e., the speed of handling operations). Regarding contextual factors, we find that establishing high-frequent liner services improves the ship working rate, while simultaneous calls at a terminal impede productivity. The type of container (loading/unloading; empty/laden) also appears to influence the duration of ship working. 相似文献
42.
Fangliang Xiao 《Maritime Policy and Management》2020,47(5):687-702
ABSTRACT Even if the same two ships operate in the same encountering situation, the actual strategies and timing of operations may be different. Therefore, the fixed collision avoidance trajectory and ship movements are no longer suitable for simulating the real ship behaviour. This paper tries to develop an artificial intelligent system that fully sensitive to the local circumstances and command a ship in virtual environment. Based on AIS (Automatic Identification System) data, this study has developed artificial forces which help decision makings on-board independently under different situations and catching the stochastic nature of ship behaviours during collision avoidances manoeuvring. Actual ship tracks are helpful for ascertaining the parameters that contribute to artificial forces in collision avoidances, while the correlation coefficient analysis is helpful to distinguish the parameters. This study will help to develop a navigation traffic simulation to reflect the realistic ship behaviour and provide reliable information for port and waterway planning, risk analysis, and mitigation measures. The method can be used in developing algorithms for autonomous ships. The method introduced in this study lays a foundation for developing artificial forces at intersections or bends, although the model is only applicable in straight channels at the moment. 相似文献
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本文系统梳理了我国船舶物流技术的发展现状及其成因,进而提出了船上物流标准化、信息化、自动化和智能化的总体发展方案,尤其是融合发展策略,将助推船舶物流技术的发展。 相似文献
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根据高强高耐水土体固结剂(HEC)的性能和特点,结合现代军事工程的要求,分析了HEC在军用道路工程、野战防护工程以及海岸港口等军事工程的应用可行性,探讨了如何在军事工程中的应用问题。 相似文献
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根据基层的性能要求,选定水泥作为现场冷再生的稳定剂,并从力学性能、抗冻性能、抗冲刷性能、耐久性能和抗收缩性能等方面分析冷再生沥青混合料在材料组成上的特点,可供同行参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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船舶气囊下水工艺实践与发展前景 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本文叙述船舶气囊下水新工艺在我国内河中、小型船厂近年来的实践,提出和总结气囊下水工艺有关计算方法和注意事项。鉴于气囊下水新工艺有其独特的优越性,并随着气囊制造质量和下水工艺不断完善提高,气囊下水新工艺必会有较好的发展前景,下水船舶重量期望可提高到2000t。 相似文献
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CJBW10舰船微机监控报警系统 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
严敏 《交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所学报》1996,19(2):55-59
介绍一种新型的舰船用微机监控报警系统,该系统采用先进的微机网络技术和单片机技术,将高分辩率彩色CRT测点参数和图形显示功能,报警灯板板功能和记录打印功能以及控制功能集于一块单板上,并通过网络与测量单元相闻,既可在网络型船舶自动化系统中作这联网的机舱监控报 相似文献
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