A discounted recursive logit model for dynamic gridlock network analysis

Emerging sensing technologies such as probe vehicles equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) devices on board provide us real-time vehicle trajectories. They are helpful for the understanding of the cases that are significant but difficult to observe because of the infrequency, such as gridlock networks. On the premise of this type of emerging technology, this paper propose a sequential route choice model that describes route choice behavior, both in ordinary networks, where drivers acquire spatial knowledge of networks through their experiences, and in extraordinary networks, which are situations that drivers rarely experience, and applicable to real-time traffic simulations. In extraordinary networks, drivers do not have any experience or appropriate information. In such a context, drivers have little spatial knowledge of networks and choose routes based on dynamic decision making, which is sequential and somewhat forward-looking. In order to model these decision-making dynamics, we propose a discounted recursive logit model, which is a sequential route choice model with the discount factor of expected future utility. Through illustrative examples, we show that the discount factor reflects drivers’ decision-making dynamics, and myopic decisions can confound the network congestion level. We also estimate the parameters of the proposed model using a probe taxis’ trajectory data collected on March 4, 2011 and on March 11, 2011, when the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in the Tokyo Metropolitan area. The results show that the discount factor has a lower value in gridlock networks than in ordinary networks.     

峡谷地形隔震效应及减灾选线对策

在困难山区,峡谷是铁路、公路常利用的交通廊道,但峡谷往往也是震害集中的地段,目前有关峡谷地形对地震波传播特性的影响研究甚少。基于波动理论,分析得出峡谷切割深度越深,对Rayleigh波高频成分的屏蔽频率范围越广;峡谷越陡,对散射波的强度削减效应越显著;从而地震波的强度在峡谷两侧具有显著的差异,即在地震波入射一侧的振动强度大于另一侧。上述结论得到了芦山地震震害现象以及苏克拉峡谷地震记录仪观测资料的检验,可为减灾选线设计提供理论依据。     

基于GIS-AHP方法的危险品物流运输选线研究

文章针对地理信息系统（GIS）和层次分析法（AHP）在目标数据量化及综合评价方面的优点,提出了危险品运输选线GIS-AHP方法,阐述了GIS-AHP方法的具体实施步骤,并结合某跨地区危险品道路运输实例进行了选线分析。结果表明,该方法能显著提高危险品道路运输的风险综合评价水平,且所选路线科学、合理。     

An eco-routing model considering microscopic vehicle operating conditions

The eco-routing problem concerned in this paper addresses the optimal route choice of eco-drivers who aim to meet an emission standard imposed by regulators, while trying to find the path with the minimum total operating cost, which consists of both travel time and fuel costs. The paper first develops fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions estimation models that link emission rates to a vehicle’s physical and operational properties. Unlike most studies in the literature, the emission model developed in this paper retains as many microscopic characteristics as feasible in the context of route planning. Specifically, it is able to approximate the impacts of major acceleration events associated with link changes and intersection idling, and yet does not require detailed acceleration data as inputs. The proposed eco-routing model also explicitly captures delays at intersections and the emissions associated with them. Using a simple probabilistic model, the impacts of different turning movements on eco-routing are incorporated. The proposed model is formulated as a constrained shortest path problem and solved by off-the-shelf solvers. Numerical experiments confirm that vehicle characteristics, especially weight and engine displacement, may influence eco-routing. The results also suggest that ignoring the effects of turning movements and acceleration may lead to sub-optimal routes for eco-drivers.     

Controlling road congestion via a low-complexity route reservation approach

This work introduces a novel route reservation architecture to manage road traffic within an urban area. The developed routing architecture decomposes the road infrastructure into slots in the spatial and temporal domains and for every vehicle, it makes the appropriate route reservations to avoid traffic congestion while minimizing the traveling time. Under this architecture, any road segment is admissible to be traversed only during time-slots when the accumulated reservations do not exceed its critical density. A road-side unit keeps track of all reservations which are subsequently used to solve the routing problem for each vehicle. Through this routing mechanism, vehicles can either be delayed at their origin or are routed through longer but non-congested routes such that their traveling time is minimized. In this work, the proposed architecture is presented and the resulting route reservation problem is mathematically formulated. Through a complexity analysis of the routing problem, it is shown that for certain cases, the problem reduces to an NP-complete problem. A heuristic solution to the problem is also proposed and is used to conduct realistic simulations across a particular region of the San Francisco area, demonstrating the promising gains of the proposed solution to alleviate traffic congestion.     

A multi-class model-based control scheme for reducing congestion and emissions in freeway networks by combining ramp metering and route guidance

The paper proposes a multi-class control scheme for freeway traffic networks. This control scheme combines two control strategies, i.e. ramp metering and route guidance, in order to reduce the total time spent and the total emissions in a balanced way. In particular, the ramp metering and route guidance controllers are feedback predictive controllers, i.e. they compute the control actions not only on the basis of the measured system state, but also on the basis of the prediction of the system evolution, in terms of traffic conditions and traffic emissions. Another important feature of the controllers is that they have a multi-class nature: different classes of vehicles are considered and specific control actions are computed for each class. Since the controllers are based on a set of parameters that need to be tuned, the overall control framework also includes a module to properly determine the gains of the controllers. The simulation analysis reported in the paper shows the effectiveness of the proposed control framework and, in particular, the possibility of implementing control policies that are specific for each vehicle type.     

基于混沌蚁群算法的最短路径选择研究

如何解决最短路径选择问题一直是城市交通流诱导系统的关键之一.基于群体仿生理论的蚁群算法是解决此问题的一种方法,针对采用蚁群算法进行最短路径选择时易出现的陷入局部最优解问题,引入混沌理论,采用混沌蚁群算法利用混沌初始化进行改善个体质量和利用混沌扰动避免在蚁群算法搜索过程中陷入局部极值,同时降低了蚁群算法的时间复杂度,从而更好的解决了最短路径选择问题.     

Real-time assessment and prediction on maritime risk state on the Arctic Route

ABSTRACT

Recently, the Arctic Route has become busier with the continuous melting of Arctic ice. However, navigation on the Arctic Route would be much more complex than in normal water as harsh environmental conditions, such as ice-covered water and scarce costal ports that may cause more uncertainty. Nowadays, with the rapid development of sensors on board, more related data has become available. Thus, implementing comprehensive Arctic maritime risk assessment is urgent and necessary in practice. This study proposes an Arctic maritime risk state assessment method including real-time risk state assessment and risk prediction. Specifically, real-time observation samples’ numerical risk state would be firstly obtained with projection pursuit method from 10 risk indicators. Due to the fuzzy uncertainty of single observation set, information diffusion would be applied to provide diffusion estimation on risk probability distribution in order to depict risk state precisely. Also, the accumulated distribution can be regarded as the risk prediction for next time slot and risk entropy is introduced to depict risk tendency directly. Case study based on ‘Yongsheng’ is conducted to demonstrate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The findings can be useful for the operators and management on board during the Arctic voyage.     

基于Nios Ⅱ的I2C主设备接口的设计

介绍I2C接口的协议标准,结合标准详细讲述了运用Nios Ⅱ建立具有I2C接口的软核处理器的方法。利用该软核处理器设计成的主设备与上变频器MT5100进行串口通信试验,分析实验结果表明设计符合标准,有一定实用性。     

桂林-三江高速公路宛金段路线设计方案研究

山区复杂的地形、地质、水文和生态环境条件制约着公路路线方案的布置。文章以桂林-三江高速公路宛田-金桔段路线设计为例,通过对其沿线自然条件的分析,提出了针对性的路线设计方案,并结合原工可设计进行了方案比选,评价了所推荐方案的优越性,为山区高速公路设计研究提供依据。