软土地区盾构施工对既有单桩工作性状的影响分区研究

为研究既有桩基位于拟建隧道周围不同位置时,隧道开挖对桩基产生的受力与变形规律,依托天津地铁3号线北站至铁东路站左线盾构区间项目,利用ABAQUS软件将隧道周围软土按照桩端径向、切向位置的不同划分为8个区,建立考虑软土修正剑桥本构关系的二维有限元模型,探讨隧道开挖后桩基分别处于设计荷载和极限荷载下的桩侧摩阻力和桩身位移变化规律,并建立隧道开挖对邻近单桩工作性状的影响分区。计算结果表明： 1）隧道开挖会使桩基近隧道侧产生负摩阻力,负摩阻力最大值随桩到隧道径向距离的减小而逐渐增大,随桩长的增大而逐渐增大; 2）隧道开挖会导致桩身极限侧摩阻力降低,当桩端位于隧道两侧分区时降幅较大,在10%~15%; 3）桩端分别位于隧道两侧、底部、顶部分区时,依次对桩身倾斜率、桩身挠曲变形和桩顶沉降的影响最显著; 4）提出能够对隧道开挖后既有单桩工作性状分区进行评价的指标,当桩端位于3区时,盾构隧道开挖造成单桩的综合影响程度最大,应加强施工监控措施。     

软岩隧道三维扫描变形监测技术的试验研究

为解决传统监测技术单点监测无法满足软岩隧道整体性变形监测的局限性,采用三维激光扫描技术进行软岩隧道整体性变形监测试验,从隧道结构的变形时间、变形空间分布及变形量进行整体分析。首先建立全站仪和三维激光扫描仪测量误差模型,分析三维扫描监测技术与传统隧道监测技术的特点,通过平面标靶和棱镜靶球精度试验得出平面标靶最佳入射角范围小于60°,棱镜靶球自动提取距离不大于45 m,作为测站设置和控制点布设的依据; 然后以渭武高速木寨岭隧道2号斜井工程为依托,开展软岩隧道三维扫描变形监测技术的试验研究。研究结果表明： 中台阶开挖支护前已发生较大变形,最大变形位置为左侧上台阶与中台阶交界处,空间分布呈左大右小,试验段最大累计变形达0.48 m,下台阶及时封闭成环及2层初期支护有利于变形控制。     

地下叠合墙接触面形式的设计研究

为解决地下工程中叠合结构接触面采用常规凿毛等方式进行预处理时存在的施工难度大、剪力槽设置参差不齐等难题,提出一种便于施工的预制叠合结构形式,然后运用ANSYS有限元软件对波浪形、三角形以及梯形波纹结构面进行受力对比分析,结果表明梯形结构面在结构应力、接触面压力以及接触面滑移方面更有优势,并确定梯形结构面作为静力荷载试验方案。通过静力荷载试验对比分析整体现浇梁和梯形结构面叠合梁在各级荷载作用下的挠度、水平位移以及裂缝开展形态,结合实测数据表明： 在受到相同荷载作用下,叠合梁的挠度增量小于整体现浇梁,同时叠合梁在裂缝开展阶段存在停滞现象,能够减缓裂缝穿过叠合面,从而提高结构的整体承载力。     

Analysis on the Characteristics and Development Trends of the Support Technology of High Ground Stress Tunnels in China北大核心CSCD

Combining the present situation and development trend of different tunnel support technologies at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the problems of rockburst in hard rock tunnels and large deformation in soft rock tunnels caused by high ground stress. It is concluded that: 1) regarding the rockburst problem, the current support technology is mainly influenced by the rock burst mechanism which is dominated by static factors, and so the used support components are generally of smaller deformation performance and "passive support" properties; 2) as the rockburst is the result of dynamic-static stress coupling, and only the anchor bolt has the "active support" attribute in the current "shotcrete+anchor bolt+wire net" support system, so the best support system should have the two functions of active support and energy release in terms of the rockburst problem, and the key focus of the research and development is anchorage members; 3) there are three main support types for large deformation in soft rock tunnels, e.g. the heavy support, layered support and yielding support. Among them, the heavy support system in underground cavern with large deformation is easy to induce excessive surrounding rock pressure, and so the applicable conditions are limited. The layered support system is still not the best choice due to its immature theoretical study, difficult determination of the thickness value and the installation time of each support layer and the interference to construction progress. With the characteristics of timely support and yielding while supporting, the yielding support system can give full play to the performance values of surrounding rocks and supporting materials, and make both of them reach the optimal state, so it is the best choice for supporting the soft rock tunnels with large deformations. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Analysis on the Effects of Overloading on the Mechanical Properties of Tunnel Structures in the Silty Ground --A Case Study of Sutong River-crossing GIL Utility Tunnel北大核心CSCD

Based on the Sutong GIL utility tunnel project, which is constructed by the shield machine under the river, and as for the overloading problem at the river bank slope during operating period, the refined threedimensional finite element model was established to study the deformation and cracking characteristics of the tunnel segment structure under different forms of overloading. The evolution laws of section convergence, joint opening and structural stress were analyzed, and the structure damage mechanisms were revealed under conditions of large area loading and local loading. The surface-surcharge control standard was proposed. For the big diameter shield tunneling crossing the silty clay, the research results show that: (1) the deformation failure process is divided into three stages under large area loading condition, taking the design load and compressive yield of rebars inside haunch as the critical points respectively. The first stage is characterized by the elastic stress, the second stage is in plastic state with fracture, and the third stage is accelerating deformation and instability stage. The vertical convergence is 110.5 mm with no opening of joints when rebars are yielded; (2)the deformation failure process under local loading condition is also divided into elasticity, plasticity and instability stages, taking the design load and tensile yield of rebars outside haunch as the critical points respectively. The vertical convergence is 152.6 mm with joint opening of 4.36 mm; (3) the early-warning values of additional stress on the ground under conditions of large area loading and local loading are 110 kPa and 70 kPa respectively. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

组合型水泥粉煤灰碎石桩(CFG桩)复合地基在深厚软基处理中的应用

在深厚软土地基(fak≤100 kPa)上建造储罐等建筑物,承载力要求高、不均匀沉降变形要求严,若采用单一CFG桩复合地基加固,可能导致桩距过小或桩长太长,需要采用组合型复合地基,CFG桩+振冲碎石桩复合地基是组合型复合地基的一种。根据CFG桩+碎石桩组合型复合地基的加固机理,分析了其受力特性以及CFG桩和碎石桩的作用,研究表明CFG桩对提高地基承载力和减小沉降起控制作用。基于优化理论,建立了组合复合地基的优化设计方法。通过工程实例讨论了组合复合地基的优化设计方法,结果表明:复合地基的承载力、沉降量和经济效益均满足工程要求。     

浅插法大直径钢圆筒在换砂振沉施工中的应用

大直径钢圆筒凭借其特有的优势被应用在大型人工岛护岸项目中.以某大型人工岛项目为例,针对浅插法大直径钢圆筒施工中遇到的一些实际问题进行方案比选.通过对振沉方法、纠偏方式、振沉顺序等技术方案的分析对比,总结出浅插法大直径钢圆筒在换砂基础中应用的主要工艺:点振法振沉工艺、起重船纠偏工艺和顺、跳打振沉顺序.     

中美欧日桩基承载力设计规范比较

针对中美欧日各国关于桩基设计方法的异同,在设计理论基础、单桩轴向抗压承载力、单桩抗拔承载力和水平承载力等方面进行了综合对比分析。并以工程实例为基础,计算了桩的抗压、抗拔极限承载力和折算允许值,得出中国规范安全裕度适中、水平承载力计算方法涵盖面广、可向海外推广的结论,并提出了工程设计中的关注点。     

塑性混凝土咬合桩在临海基坑工程中的应用

以蛇口邮轮中心基坑支护工程为例,研究在临海抛石地基上基坑支护方案的选用。通过现场试验获取施工参数并计算渗透系数,根据结果选择塑性混凝土咬合桩结构方案。介绍塑性混凝土咬合桩的受力特点和计算方法,以及在止水帷幕中的应用,并与实测资料相验证,证明了在抛石地基临海基坑中采用塑性混凝土咬合桩是安全可行的。     

新型混凝土单元块D型软体排结构计算及稳定性分析

针对长江中下游航道整治水下沉排工程中软体排结构的不足,提出一种新型混凝土单元块D型软体排结构,建立悬链线模型,分析排体的受力特点,计算排体的抗倾、抗滑和抗漂浮稳定性,并对比分析排体对地形的适应性。结果表明,新型混凝土单元块D型软体排结构明显提高了水下沉排的安全性和对复杂地形的适应性,为复杂条件下的水下沉排工程提供理论支撑。