船舶航行性能综合优化研究

船舶航行性能优化是一个非常复杂的问题,它具有多个设计变量,多个约束和多个极点.传统的优化方法通常无法解决该问题.文中采用了一种传统的优化方法一复合形法(CA)和遗传算法(GA),模拟退火算法(SA)来计算船舶航行性能优化问题,比较了三种优化方法的输出结果并选取最好的那个解作为最终的优化结果.通过这种方法.可以以更高的概率获得真实的最优解.应该指出的是,这三种算法都作了某种程度上的改进.作者采用C++语言基于面向对象思想开发了计算软件-ShipPO.文中列出的所有船舶航行性能优化计算结果都是在ShipPO平台上计算出来的,结果表明采用三种优化方法计算一次船舶航行性能优化问题耗时并不太多.最终的结果表明ShipPO具有很强的寻找全局最优解的能力,它能够很好地满足工程需要.     

基于两阶段遗传算法的传感器网络布点

随着传感器网络在世界范围内得到越来越广泛的应用,具有感知、计算和通信能力的传感器节点以及由大量此类节点互联构成的传感器网络需要不断地优化并进行自动设计。文中致力于设计1种新型交通信息监测传感器网络,并采用两阶段启发式算法完成网络的自动布点,分析不同启发式算法运行结果性能指标的差异,从而证明了两阶段启发式算法在交通监测网络中的优越性。     

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研究混合交通网络设计问题,以交通网络总阻抗最小为目标,在建设资金的约束条件下给出了双层规划模型。将模拟退火算法中的退火策略引入到免疫克隆算法中,设计了求解模型的免疫克隆退火算法。算例验证了算法的可行性,并通过与模拟退火算法比较证明了设计算法的有效性。最后,在给定不同建设资金的约束条件下进行了灵敏度分析,并讨论了投资成本与网络总阻抗、建设资金约束与网络设计决策的关系。     

Sensitivity Analysis of Simulated Annealing for Continuous Network Design Problems

In this paper, parameters choices of simulated annealing for continuous network design problems are discussed. A bi-level programming model for continuous network design problem is introduced. Objective function of the upper level is defined as the sum of the total travel time on the network and the total investment costs of link capacity expansions. The lower level problem is the user equilibrium assignment model, which is solved by the Gradient projection algorithm. Sensitivity analysis method is the first time used to analyze and compare the influence of the different selection of parameters to the implementation of simulated annealing algorithm. Suggestions of parameter selection are also given. Analysis demonstrates that the efficiency and precision of these methods can be improved clearly with the proposed suggestions.     

A new shared vehicle system for urban areas

The paper concerns the conceptual design of a transport system for pedestrian areas. The proposed transport system is based on a fleet of eco-sustainable Personal Intelligent City Accessible Vehicles (PICAVs). The vehicles are shared through the day by different users and the following specific services will be provided: instant access, open ended reservation and one way trips. Referring to the proposed transport system, a new methodology to optimise the fleet dimension and its distribution among the stations is proposed in this paper. The problem faced is an optimisation problem where the cost function to be minimised takes into account both the transport system cost and the user costs that depend on the waiting times. A random search algorithm has been adopted. Given a fleet dimension and its distribution among the stations, the waiting times of the users are assessed by a microscopic simulation. The simulation model tracks the second-by-second activity of each PICAV user, as well as the second-by-second activity of each vehicle. The overall methodology has been implemented in an object-oriented simulator. The proposed transport system has been planned and simulated for the historical city centre of Genoa, Italy.     

Hybrid simulated annealing and genetic algorithm for optimizing arterial signal timings under oversaturated traffic conditions

The implementation of system‐wide signal optimization models requires efficient solution algorithms that can quickly generate optimal or near‐optimal signal timings. This paper presents a hybrid algorithm based on simulated annealing (SA) and a genetic algorithm (GA) for arterial signal timing optimization. A decoding scheme is proposed that exploits our prior expectations about efficient solutions, namely, that the optimal green time distribution should reflect the proportion of the critical lane volumes of each phase. An SA algorithm, a GA algorithm and a hybrid SA‐GA algorithm are developed here using the proposed decoding scheme. These algorithms can be adapted to a wide range of signal optimization models and are especially suitable for those optimizing phase sequences with oversaturated intersections. To comparatively evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms, we apply them to a signal optimization model for oversaturated arterial intersections based on an enhanced cell transmission model. The numerical results indicate that the SA‐GA algorithm outperforms both SA and GA in terms of solution quality and convergence rate. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑弹流润滑的圆柱滚子轴承多目标智能优化设计

基于弹性流体动力润滑理论,以额定动载荷最大和膜厚比最大为目标函数,通过对圆柱滚子轴承多目标优化数学模型的研究,应用退火罚函数方法将其转化为无约束单目标优化问题.采用遗传算法求解含连续及离散变量的优化设计问题,同时针对遗传算法的局限性,采用了实数编码,调整了适应函数,设计了基于确定性准则的杂交算子和变异算子,借鉴了优解保留策略,结合模拟退火算法,形成了遗传模拟退火算法,该算法发挥了模拟退火与遗传算法各自的特点.算例表明了该优化方法的有效性.     

Runoff and soil erosion from highway construction spoil deposits: A rainfall simulation study

To measure soil loss from these road construction spoils, 30 rainfall simulations involving five rainfall intensities were conducted to study runoff and soil erosion processes on a road in China. Twenty-five of the rainfall simulations were carried out on loose materials five different slopes. Another five rainfall simulations were conducted on compacted road materials with a slope of 30.6%. The results show that soil bulk density has a positive effect on runoff rate, and the effect of slope on runoff rate changes with rainfall intensity. Higher soil bulk density increases soil loss under low rainfall intensity, but decreases soil loss when rainfall intensity is high. Soil loss is positively related to slope, but the relationship differs from that in prior studied of croplands and disturbed lands. Equations for predicting soil erosion from loose materials and compacted road are developed.     

TP2紫铜管弯制开裂原因分析

TP2紫铜管在进行弯制时开裂,为找到原因,用退火试验模拟生产中的退火工艺。试验数据表明,铜管经多道次拉拔产生加工硬化,其外表面金相组织和内部金相组织不均匀,导致在进行弯制时铜管产生开裂。通过对比试验,找到铜管弯制的最佳退火温度区间为550～580℃,为铜管弯制退火工艺提供指导。     

随机需求下公交网络设计的期望值模型与求解算法研究

科学规划公交系统是解决城市交通拥挤问题的有效手段,公交网络设计问题更是公交体系规划的重点与难点。公交需求作为公交网络设计的输入条件,在现实中具有不确定性。鉴于此,假设不确定乘客需求具有随机特性,来研究随机需求下公交网络设计问题的优化方法。以乘客成本与运营成本最小化为优化目标,构建了多目标规划的期望值模型。将遗传算法与模拟退火算法相结合,设计了求解模型的遗传模拟退火算法。最后,通过算例验证了提出的模型与算法的有效性。