高精度GPS数据处理方法在公路测量中的应用

针对目前高等级公路测量对点位精度要求的提高,提出了对不同载波的GPS相位观测量进行线性组合后,再利用GAMIT软件数据进行处理的方法,试验结果表明,此方法可以在公路控制测量中获得较高GPS定位精度,即在几公里的距离范围,基线精度可达到2 cm,满足公路控制测量的要求.     

基于ANSYS的旧水泥混凝土路面沥青加铺层应力状态研究

基于有限元软件ANSYS对设置应力吸收层的沥青加铺层进行仿真计算,分别研究了不同弹性模量和厚度的沥青加铺层和应力吸收层对路面结构层应力的影响。研究结果表明:在一定范围内,适当增加应力吸收层和沥青面层的厚度有利于改善路面的防裂效果,但过大的厚度对抑制反射裂缝作用很小,同时也会增加施工难度和造价等。综合施工、应力状态及造价等因素,本文给出的本项目应力吸收层厚度建议值为2.5cm。此外,计算结果表明:应力吸收层的弹性模量越小,其抑制反射裂缝的效果越好,但过小的弹性模量会降低路面整体强度,造成施工困难、易产生车辙等病害,给出的本项目应力吸收层弹性的建议值为500MPa.     

船载框架式整平器扫浅性能分析

国内疏浚工程趋向大型化、精细化发展,基床平整度要求越来越高。针对莱州港5万吨级航道工程,基于“航工301”小型整平船,建立CFD仿真模型,分析船载框架式整平器作用时船舶在各浪向下的水动力性能,分析对孤立浅点和浅点集中区域采取的不同施工工艺的经济效果,并进行海上试验。结果表明:在整平器的作用下,船舶的运动幅值响应算子总体较小,船舶稳定性较高;独立浅点沿2个方向过线,单边受力时,多向过线效果较好;在浅点集中区域,以S线型走线结合多方向过线,由浅至深逐段扫浅;施工周期内节省燃油约103 t、淡水约112.5 t,浅点扫除率达100%,效果显著。     

基于南方CASS软件的土方量计算方法

威海内海吹填工程主要施工内容是采用吹砂挤淤方式进行吹填,吹填区吹填完成后采用机械压实。在施工过程中须多次对吹填区进行进度测量,涉及土方量的计算频率较高。为保证工程土方量的计算准确,将南方CASS软件的不同土方量计算方法进行对比,并结合工程实际情况分析选择合理的计算方法,从而为工程质量和进度控制提供依据。结果表明,选择合适的计算方法不仅能够准确地计算土方量,还能形象地反映现场的实际情况。     

基于ADVISOR的纯电动汽车动力系统匹配及仿真

纯电动汽车作为新能源汽车行业发展的主要方向,在发展其核心技术中,动力系统的匹配对于发展纯电动汽车具有重要的意义,合理的动力系统匹配影响着汽车的动力性和续航里程等因素。根据纯电动汽车的整车参数和性能指标,计算选择动力系统的基本参数,并利用ADVISOR仿真软件进行仿真分析,为改进技术提供依据,验证了设计的有效性。     

基于ADVISOR的动力耦合系统参数匹配及仿真

混合动力汽车的动力耦合系统结构和参数匹配影响整车性能,通过对动力耦合系统的结构选择、参数匹配和控制策略的研究,以传统汽车的差速器作为动力耦合器并建立模型,并对此模型进行参数匹配,通过使用ADVISOR软件中修改控制策略模块,并将修改后的Simulink模型嵌入ADVISOR软件中进行仿真,验证选择方案对于改善汽车动力性和燃油经济性的有效性。     

可变截面涡轮增压瞬态性能仿真研究

为研究可变截面涡轮喷嘴开度对发动机的性能影响,建立GT-power和MATLB/Simulink联合仿真模型。采用GT-power软件建立的TBD234V12可变截面涡轮增压柴油机仿真模型研究发动机稳态性能,联合MATLB/Simulink软件建立的可变截面涡轮增压柴油机控制模型,对发动机瞬态性能进行仿真计算。结果表明:在发动机瞬态工况下,可变截面涡轮增压系统可以明显改善常规增压柴油机的动力性、经济性和动态响应特性,并且有效降低增压柴油机的时滞性,涡轮迟滞时间的降幅约为30%。     

Emission rates of intermodal rail/road and road-only transportation in Europe: A comprehensive simulation study

Intermodal rail/road transportation combines advantages of both modes of transport and is often seen as an effective approach for reducing the environmental impact of freight transportation. This is because it is often expected that rail transportation emits less greenhouse gases than road transportation. However, the actual emissions of both modes of transport depend on various factors like vehicle type, traction type, fuel emission factors, payload utilization, slope profile or traffic conditions. Still, comprehensive experimental results for estimating emission rates from heavy and voluminous goods in large-scale transportation systems are hardly available so far. This study describes an intermodal rail/road network model that covers the majority of European countries. Using this network model, we estimate emission rates with a mesoscopic model within and between the considered countries by conducting a large-scale simulation of road-only transports and intermodal transports. We show that there are high variations of emission rates for both road-only transportation and intermodal rail/road transportation over the different transport relations in Europe. We found that intermodal routing is more eco-friendly than road-only routing for more than 90% of the simulated shipments. Again, this value varies strongly among country pairs.     

Simulating ad-hoc demand-responsive transportation: a comparison of three approaches

Transport models are used to evaluate new infrastructure and public transport services, varied levels of demand, and new ideas for demand management. Exploring these proposals virtually is easier than implementation and testing in situ. However, existing models are based around traditional forms of transportation. As part of a feature analysis using a case study approach, three different simulation packages (a simple custom-developed package, traffic microsimulation, and agent-based simulation) are used to develop and demonstrate simulations of demand-responsive transportation (DRT) and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each simulation approach for evaluating DRT. While the simulations display some relational replication (meaning they produce similar relational patterns with respect to certain variables), they do not show distributional replication (that is, the value of the results is not statistically similar), meaning that under- or over-estimation of predicted travel could occur. Recommendations for the application of each modeling approach are made.     

利用SPS模拟川气东送管道压气站失效问题

为研究压气站失效与单台机组失效对输气管道的影响程度,采用SPS软件对压气站失效和单台机组失效进行了详细模拟。模拟结果显示:压气站失效与单台机组失效相比对管输系统影响较大;对于压气站失效,越靠近末站的压气站失效对管输系统影响越大;对于单台机组失效,越靠近首站的压缩机失效对管输系统影响越大。分析结果可为事故状态下的供气和抢修提供参考。