不同海况下小侧体三体船的艏部结构砰击特性

本文运用CFD软件STAR-CCM+建立三体船在波浪条件下的三维砰击模型,采用重叠网格技术结合船舶六自由度系统模拟船体的砰击运动,对不同波高、波长以及不同航速下的船体砰击进行数值模拟,对比分析各工况下船体结构的运动响应和砰击特征。数值模拟结果表明：航速变化对船体砰击压力有显著影响,而波高和波长的变化对砰击压力影响较小但也不可忽视。     

Numerical and experimental analysis of bow flare slamming on a Ro–Ro vessel in regular oblique waves

A method for the prediction of slamming loads on ship hulls is presented and validated for a 20-knot, 120-m car carrier. A nonlinear strip theory is used to calculate the relative motions of ship and wave. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event are given as input to the slamming calculation program, which is based on a generalized two-dimensional Wagner formulation and solved by the boundary element method. The method is fast and robust. Model tests of a car carrier have been carried out in regular head, bow, and bow quartering waves of various heights. Slamming on two panels in the upper part of the bow flare has been studied. It has been found that the water pile-up around the bow due to the forward speed of the vessel significantly increases the slamming pressures. A simplified way of including this effect is presented. When the calculated slamming pressures are corrected for 3D effects, they compare well with the measured data. Since the effect of the wave elevation due to the forward speed and the effect of three-dimensional flow act in opposite directions, excluding both of them produced results that also agreed quite well with the experiments, especially for the most severe slamming events.     

Extensive study on the design loads used for strength assessment of tanker and bulk carrier structures

ClassNK has undertaken wide-ranging basic research covering many aspects related to the safety of ship structures, including design loads, structural analysis, strength assessment of buckling, collapse, and fatigue, and rational corrosion margins to develop new design standards which have transparency and consistency. Among the wide-ranging basic research, this article summarizes the results of extensive work on the design loads used for strength assessments of tanker and bulk carrier structures. The main aim of the research was to develop practical estimation methods of design loads with rational technical backgrounds relating to the actual loads acting on the primary structural members of tankers and bulk carriers. During this study, we proposed the following methodology. Design sea states that closely resemble the actual sea states which are considered to be the most severe for hull structures. Find practical estimation methods for the design sea states by parametric studies using the results of series calculations on representative tankers and bulk carriers. Find practical estimation methods for design regular waves which will result in the same level of stresses as those induced in irregular waves under the design sea states. We also briefly introduced some practical estimation methods for the design loads, such as ship motions, accelerations, hull-girder bending moments, and hydrodynamic pressures that are induced under design regular waves. The findings in this study have been summarized and implemented in the new design standards for tanker and bulk carrier structures.Updated from the Japanese original which won the 2003 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2002; 191:195–207; 2002; 191:208–220; and 2002; 192:723–733)     

水平荷载下桥梁基桩设计计算及工程应用

从水平荷载作用下桥梁基桩的破坏模式入手,着重分析不同类型桩在水平荷载作用下的承载特性及变形破坏机理.根据水平荷载作用下桥梁基桩的受力特性,建立了双层地基中基桩内力与位移分析的计算模型,并通过幂级数法对其进行求解.通过某工程实例对其中的桥梁基桩进行计算分析.以期为类似工程的设计与施工提供参考.     

计及叶片载荷的双机对转式海流发电机系泊系统动力分析

本文设计了一种新型的双机对转式海流发电机并对其系泊系统与叶片载荷和直径关系进行模拟分析。首先将单机式海流发电机与已有研究进行对比验证其可靠性,然后在不改变系泊方式的前提下,设计出双机式结构,并通过分析机身位移和旋转比较两种系统的稳定性。为考虑叶片载荷对系泊系统影响,在Orcaflex中对不同精细程度的叶片进行建模,分别对比单一翼型/三翼型/九翼型的数值模拟结果。接着使用M-BEMT软件优化后的翼型参数,对比使用原始升阻力系数的三翼型发电机的模拟结果,同时将使用不同直径叶片的发电机系统进行对比,说明双机式发电机的稳定性更优,对海流发电机及其系泊系统的设计提供重要参考价值。     

Comparing different contour methods with response-based methods for extreme ship response analysis

Environmental contours are often applied in probabilistic structural reliability analysis to identify extreme environmental conditions that may give rise to extreme loads and responses. They facilitate approximate long term analysis of critical structural responses in situations where computationally heavy and time-consuming response calculations makes full long-term analysis infeasible. The environmental contour method identifies extreme environmental conditions that are expected to give rise to extreme structural response of marine structures. The extreme responses can then be estimated by performing response calculations for environmental conditions along the contours.Response-based analysis is an alternative, where extreme value analysis is performed on the actual response rather than on the environmental conditions. For complex structures, this is often not practical due to computationally heavy response calculations. However, by establishing statistical emulators of the response, using machine learning techniques, one may obtain long time-series of the structural response and use this to estimate extreme responses.In this paper, various contour methods will be compared to response-based estimation of extreme vertical bending moment for a tanker. A response emulator based on Gaussian processes regression with adaptive sampling has been established based on response calculations from a hydrodynamic model. Long time-series of sea-state parameters such as significant wave height and wave period are used to construct N-year environmental contours and the extreme N-year response is estimated from numerical calculations for identified sea states. At the same time, the response emulator is applied on the time series to provide long time-series of structural response, in this case vertical bending moment of a tanker. Extreme value analysis is then performed directly on the responses to estimate the N-year extreme response. The results from either method will then be compared, and it is possible to evaluate the accuracy of the environmental contour method in estimating the response. Moreover, different contour methods will be compared.     

Equivalent design pressure for ship plates subjected to moving slamming impact loads

When a ship navigates at sea, the slamming impact can generate significant load pulses which move up along the hull plating. The effect of the moving pressure has so far not been explicitly considered in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships. Based on a modal superposition method and the Lagrange equation, this paper derives analytical solutions to study the elastic dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under moving pressure impact loads. The spatial variation of the moving slamming impact pressure is simplified to three types of impact loads, i.e. a rectangular pulse, a linearly decaying pulse and an exponentially decaying pulse. The dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under the moving slamming impact pressure are calculated in order to investigate the influence of the load pulse shapes and moving speed on the plate structural behaviour. It is found that the structural response of the plate increases with the increase of the moving speed. The response of the plate subjected to a moving pressure impact load is smaller than the case when the plate is subjected to a spatially uniform distributed impact load with the same load amplitude and load duration. In order to quantify the effect of the moving speed on the dynamic load, a Dynamic Moving Load Coefficient (DMLC) is introduced as the ratio between the dynamic load factor for the moving impact load and that under the spatially uniform distributed impact load. An expression for DMLC is proposed based on analyses of various scenarios using the developed analytical model. Finally an empirical formula which transforms the moving impact loads to an equivalent static load is proposed.     

冲击波和高速破片对固支方板的联合作用数值模拟

为探讨固支方板结构在爆炸冲击波和高速破片联合作用下的变形破坏特点及规律,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS -DYNA开展冲击波和高速破片对固支方板的联合作用数值模拟计算,阐述装药驱动预制破片的运动过程,分析冲击波载荷和破片载荷以及钢板在联合载荷作用下的变形破坏模式,并与试验进行对比。结果表明,数值计算结果与试验结果较为吻合;炸药底部中心处预制破片的初速最高,边缘处最低;在试验工况下,冲击波先于破片作用于结构,破片群总动能远大于爆轰产物及冲击波传递给结构的动能,破片群是造成钢板中心出现冲塞破口的主要因素,应作为防护结构的主要设计载荷。     

内河船舶波浪载荷研究

利用内河波浪散布图和修订波浪谱对内河系列船舶进行了波浪载荷的计算预报,首次分析了内河船舶波浪载荷的规律和特点,并与俄罗斯内河登记局(RRR)和法国-德国船级社(B-G)的内河规范载荷对应的等效模数要求进行了比较分析。结合实船测试结果表明：波浪载荷变化规律与国外同类规范一致,预报波浪载荷水平与测试结果及国外同类规范要求相当。内河船舶波浪载荷预报应考虑航速和水深的影响,载荷预报结果可以作为制定内河波浪载荷公式的基础。     

柔性接头地铁隧道穿越地裂缝的地震响应

采用振动台模型试验, 模拟地震荷载和地裂缝场地沉降, 分析了穿越地裂缝区域且设置柔性接头的分段地铁隧道的动力响应, 研究了地裂缝场地沉降、裂缝发育特征、地铁隧道加速度响应特征、土压力与隧道各区段不同部位的应变规律。分析结果表明: 由地裂缝场地沉降与地震荷载耦合作用所产生的差异沉降和裂缝多集中于柔性接头部位; 各区段地铁隧道间的运动具有一定独立性, 上盘靠近地裂缝的地铁隧道的加速度峰值是下盘隧道的3.2倍; 距离地裂缝越近土压力越大, 且在耦合荷载作用下, 上盘土压力是下盘土压力的6.7倍; 地铁隧道各区段左右拱腰应变较大, 底板处应变次之, 拱顶部位应变较小; 柔性接头设置后各区段应变增率减小, 在距离地裂缝较近部位未出现明显的应变增加现象。可见, 在地震荷载与地裂缝场地沉降耦合作用下, 柔性接头能够减小地铁隧道地裂缝位置处的集中应力与地裂缝场地的变形。