动荷载作用下高温冻土路基动力响应的模拟试验研究

高温冻土地区铁路路基,由于列车动荷载对土体产生扰动而影响其稳定性。通过分析影响冻土路基应力、变形及温度场等主要因素,建立冻土路基模拟试验装置;在路基内部及周围地表布设压力和变形传感器,并用自行设计列车动荷载加载装置对路基施加模拟荷载,进行冻土路基动力响应模拟试验。试验获得不同动荷载频率作用下路基周围地表变形以及内部土压力的变化规律。试验结果表明:动荷载频率对地表竖向位移及路基土压力的影响均存在一个临界值,采用适当的列车行驶速度可减小对冻土路基的挠动;路基内部温度场监测结果表明,动荷载可引起土体局部温升,建议采用积极的防护措施以保护路基的冻结状态。研究成果可为维护青藏铁路路基稳定提供参考。     

循环荷载下红层泥岩路基土的变形特性研究

针对红层泥岩土这种特殊的粒类材料,通过动三轴试验研究其在循环荷载下的变形特性。根据累积变形曲线的发展趋势,把红层泥岩土的累积变形分为稳定型和破坏型,并分析了产生不同变形曲线的原因。引入了动应力水平的概念,由试验数据得到红层泥岩土的临界动应力水平为30%左右。用Monismith模型来分析红层泥岩土的累积变形,发现系数A的离散性很大,而指数b的离散性较小。考虑土的类型、应力状态和物理性质等主要影响因素,将系数A扩展为3个参数,分别反映上述影响因素,3个参数具有明确的物理意义且容易确定,便于模型的实际应用。     

预应力CTRC板加固持载混凝土梁的抗弯性能研究

采用四点弯曲试验研究用预应力碳纤维织物增强混凝土板加固持载RC梁的抗弯性能。针对梁的持载水平完成2个加固工况试验及1个参考工况试验。对各工况试验梁的荷载-跨中挠度曲线、荷载-应变曲线、承载力、延性及破坏模式进行分析。研究结果表明:预应力CTRC板能明显提高持载混凝土梁的正常使用极限状态荷载和极限承载力但加固梁的延性降低。与未加固梁相比,加固梁的正常使用极限状态荷载和极限承载力最大分别提高了64.1%和80.6%。本文提出的一种加固梁极限承载力的计算方法,其极限承载力的计算值与试验值吻合良好。     

Research on the Cause and Influential Factors of Tunnel Lining Cracking of Side Wall in Seasonally-frozen RegionsEI北大核心

Research purposes: In recent years, tunnel diseases like lining cracking and water leaking during spring thawing period, caused by frost heaving of surrounding rock, have occasionally occurred in high-latitude seasonally-frozen regions of northwest China and northeast China, which has seriously affected the tunnel structure and operation safety. Taking several railway tunnels in northwest China as an example, this paper investigates the cause and main influencing factors of longitudinal cracking of side wall in winter in seasonal frozen soil area by means of field test, laboratory experiment and numerical simulation. Research conclusions:(1) When the water content of surrounding rock of tunnel built in strongly-weathered sandstone is 12.3% and the frozen depth of surrounding rock is up to 60 cm, the maximum tensile stress of side walls is 2.28 MPa, which is larger than the ultimate tensile strength of C30 concrete, then the horizontal lining cracking will appear on side walls under the effect of continuous negative temperature in winter. If the lining bears part of the surrounding rock load, the longitudinal cracking degree of the side wall will increase. (2) Under the effect of frost heaving loads, the cracking of tunnel lining has its own characteristics of symmetry, seasonality and accumulation, etc. The cracks appear in winter and distribute in the middle of side walls. As the temperature is rising, the crack begins to shrink. (3) The frozen circle thickness and water content of surrounding rock should be used as main indicators during the process of calculation of frost heaving loads of surrounding rock in seasonally-frozen regions. (4) The research results can be used for reference in tunnel design, operation and maintenance in seasonal frozen soil area. © 2018, Editorial Department of Journal of Railway Engineering Society. All right reserved.     

弹性约束条件下H型截面钢梁的弹性稳定性分析

根据薄壁构件弯曲与扭转理论,在弹性约束条件下对H型截面构件的势能方程进行推导,并由最小势能原理,导出了弹性约束条件下H型截面构件稳定计算的单元刚度矩阵。分析了常见荷载作用时连续线弹性侧移约束的H型截面简支钢梁的弹性屈曲荷载,计算结果与Trahair的半解析解进行对比,证明了本方法计算结果正确。结果表明:在设计中若考虑弹性侧移约束的作用,可以显著地提高H型截面薄壁钢梁的稳定性。     

轮载下车辆甲板塑性承载能力利用程度研究

目前针对车辆甲板,各船级社的板厚设计已经考虑了塑性承载能力,但塑性承载能力的利用程度并没有明确说明.本文采用数值模拟方法,依据各船级社规范,选取有代表性的车辆甲板货物载荷进行板厚设计,考察了设计板厚下板格的应力水平及离散程度;结果表明计算板格最大应力均值都大于弹性许用应力,而且超过了材料的屈服应力.最后从应力水平角度出发,分析了车辆甲板考虑塑性承载能力的程度.     

适用不同入泥深度的海上吊装运输船桩腿设计与分析

为适应不同入泥深度的要求,对最大排水量为8000t、最大工作水深为15m的海上风电吊装运输专用船桩腿进行了设计研究。采用加长桩腿的方法,适用不同的入泥深度;在风载、海流载荷和波浪载荷计算的基础上,综合应用结构单元和多点运动耦合单元建立桩腿的柔体有限元分析模型,并分别对加长前后的桩腿进行了典型工况下力学性能对比分析;通过增加焊板厚度的方法,改善结构中的薄弱环节。分析结果表明,通过加长桩腿并进行结构改进,方法有效,能满足不同入泥深度及使用的要求。     

考虑流体粘性作用的双体船运动和波浪载荷预报

利用源汇分布法计算双体(或多体)剖面的水动力系数,在此基础上,对二维切片理论在双体船的垂向运动和波浪载荷预报上的应用进行了拓展,考虑了流体粘性的作用,比较了不同航速、不同片体间距和片体间水动力相互干扰等因素对运动和载荷预报的影响.算例结果表明,该方法能较好地预报双体船在规则波中的运动响应和波浪载荷.     

Budget calculations of nitrogen, phosphorus and BOD5 passing through the Oder estuary

The Oder River estuary is a large and complex system composed of lagoons, lakes and river branches in which numerous biogeochemical processes lead to modification of loads of dissolved/suspended material brought in with the riverine waters. Budget calculations show that on an annual basis, 71–88% of total nitrogen, 73–89% of total phosphorus and 72–101% of BOD₅ inflowing to the estuary are exported to the Baltic Sea. Among the inorganic nutrient species, nitrates exhibit the highest net transformation rate into organically bound forms (over 60%). The transformation could have been equally high or even higher in the case of ammonia and phosphates but these processes may have been compensated by intensive mineralization. The mechanisms responsible for the nutrient transformation patterns, as well as their net effect on the annual loads delivered into the Baltic Sea, are discussed in the paper. Phosphorus seemed to play a limiting role in phytoplankton production in the estuary in spring, while nitrogen did the same in summer.