Structural design considerations for ships operating in arctic regions北大核心CSCD

冰脊和冰山与极地船体发生碰撞将影响船体结构安全,并决定船体结构设计载荷。船体结构设计应遵循基于风险的设计原则,通常涉及以下极限状态设计准则:1)服务极限状态(SLS);2)最终极限状态(ULS);3)疲劳极限状态(FLS);4)事故极限状态(ALS)。最终极限状态和事故极限状态对应于发生概率极低的船与冰脊作用以及冰山撞击事件,旨在确保船体结构不会完全损毁。然而,对于较低概率水平的冰载荷分析,需进行较大数据量的工况分析,计算耗时无法承受。为此,引入环境等值轮廓方法,来大幅减少冰载荷分析所需工况数量,并给出设计工况最有可能的冰体参数组合方式。结合最终极限状态和事故极限状态,举例说明这一方法的运用方式。环境等值轮廓方法可为现有极地船舶船体结构设计方法提供有效补充。     

Uncertainties estimates of hull girder still water loads of bulk and dry cargo ships through Monte Carlo simulations

This paper deals with the estimate of uncertainties affecting still water hull girder loads of bulk and dry cargo ships. In strength assessment of ships, two main categories of acting loads are considered: still water loads and wave induced ones. While the latter are generally defined bearing in mind their stochastic nature, this is not the case for still water loads, which are basically deterministically considered. The underlying assumption is that there is an overall control of the operational profile during the service of a ship. However, this is not the case in actual fact, especially for general dry cargo ships and bulk carriers, since the loading/unloading process cannot be fully controlled by the crew, often resulting into loading conditions rather different from those planned by the designer. Based on an earlier work, where loading conditions of the above-mentioned ship types were statistically analyzed, in the present paper Monte Carlo simulations are used to estimate the uncertainties affecting the hull girder still water loads of ships in service, showing that their allowable values can be exceeded due to inaccuracies in ship and cargo management.     

基于PATRAN环境的自升式平台强度评估程序开发

通过PCL和Fortran语言开发了基于PATRAN的自升式平台强度评估程序MYWORK(Mobility Workbench)。以桁架式桩腿自升式平台为例,基于ABS自升式平台结构规范,通过对平台工作载荷、风浪流等环境载荷、P-Δ效应等的自动加载及对平台桩腿、主体结构的自动强度评估,简要介绍了MYWORK的主要功能模块、分析操作流程及MYWORK的应用。通过MYWORK的载荷预报模块及直接计算模块对某300英尺自升式平台进行了结构强度评估,评估过程及评估结果验证了MYWORK的高效性、可靠性。     

基于波浪载荷直接计算的三体船总纵强度评估研究

采用基于自由面格林函数法的三维线性势流理论求解三体船辐射和绕射的水动力问题,得到各重现周期和概率水平下的垂向弯矩和垂向剪力的长期预报极值,分析其统计特性和分布规律,并与规范计算值进行比较,在此基础上运用簿壁梁理论进行总纵强度评估,为三体船的载荷预报和结构分析提供参考。     

风暴条件下自升式平台桩腿强度对节距敏感性分析研究

文章以自升式平台桁架式桩腿优化设计技术研究为目标,完成风暴条件下桩腿强度对节距敏感性分析。通过风洞试验技术获取风载荷数据;基于STOKES五阶波理论和MORISON方程,采用DNV开发的SESAM软件WAJAC模块分析获取波流载荷数据;通过特征值分析得到平台自振周期和一阶偏移值,进而获取计及DAF效应的惯性载荷和P-△效应的二次惯性矩。基于上述载荷计算结果,重点对不同节距的桩腿结构进行强度校核,给出目标平台桩腿节距优选值,形成桩腿强度对节距敏感性分析技术,为平台核心部件的自主设计提供技术参考。     

填土中的钢筋砼箱形变截面桥墩受力分析

以重庆梁万路半坡大桥右线为例,对变截面空心桥墩在高填土作用下的受力行为进行了分析,通过指定荷载梯度模拟填土压力,计算结果全面反映了钢筋砼变截面箱形墩的受力状况.     

Mathematical simulation of steep waves at a focus point

Mathematical models simulating steep waves at a focus point are presented in this paper. Simulations of extreme waves in a model basin were used to determine the loads on floating structures induced by the waves. Based on a new wave theory, numerical test results show that the simulation procedure is effective and the induced motion of water particles in the front of waves is an important factor influencing impact loads on floating bodies.     

铁路客车空调负荷的非稳态计算方法研究

采用反应系数法以非稳态传热的方式计算铁路客车空调负荷,在对列车通过围护结构传入车内的热量、通过玻璃窗进入车内的太阳辐射热量、人体散热量、室外新风带入室内的热量和照明散热量分别进行计算之后,建立了状态空间模型。进而应用状态空间法求取了车壁的反应系数,通过热平衡分析得到了得热量与空调负荷的传递函数系数值,用拉普拉斯变换法进行了验证,并编制了相应的计算机程序。研究表明,非稳态传热的计算方法能更好的反映铁路客车空调负荷形成的基本机理,有助于空调系统的精确设计、系统实时控制、能耗分析等多方面的研究,并值得地铁车辆、城市轻轨车辆借鉴。     

The trophic state of the Baltic Sea a century ago: a model simulation study

We apply a 3-D circulation model with a biogeochemical module (ERGOM) for the simulation of trophic conditions in the Baltic Sea a century ago. One aim is to provide reference or background data for nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll, which is required for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). We assume that the situation a century ago serves this purpose well. Model input for this long-term simulation study are the regionally differentiated riverine and atmospheric nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea, which were compiled and calculated for a situation 100 years ago on the basis of various literature sources. For the mixed surface layer of the open Baltic Sea, we suggest maximum winter concentrations for dissolved phosphorus (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) of 0.23–0.35 (2.7–3.7) mmol/m³. Maximum chlorophyll-a concentrations are between 1.8 and 2.4 mg/m³. The concentrations of all parameters for different coastal waters vary in a wide range, depending on exposure to nutrient sources. Our nutrient concentrations for the situation a century ago are close to early measured data (1950–1960) and suggest that this data is suitable as reference data, as well.