船舶风荷载算法的比较研究

分析研究了国内外几种港口工程规范中关于船舶风荷载计算的方法特点并应用同一算例进行了计算结果间的对比分析,评价了O ptim oor软件的可用性。     

A study on scantling formulae of plate members due to lateral pressure under the effect of axial loads

Existing rule scantling formulae of plate members are based on conventional plastic design theory, and do not necessarily reflect complicated plate bending phenomena under axial loads. In this study, we first formulated the effect of axial load on the fully plastic moment based on the von Mises yield criterion for longitudinally stiffened plate in addition to the well-known formula for transversely stiffened plate. In addition, we derived a theoretical formulation of the lateral pressure corresponding to 2-point hinge and 3-point hinge formation taking account of the effect of the additional lateral force due to the axial loads on the deflected plating, using a simple plate strip bending model assuming a long plate with a large aspect ratio.Then, a series of elastic-plastic FE analyses was carried out to verify the structural behavior and the effect of axial load on the plate plastic bending strength. The plate strength was evaluated based on the residual deflection criteria of two cases (0.26 mm and 4.0 mm), and the results were compared with the theoretical derivation. As a result, it was found that assumption of linear strength reduction to the axial stress can cover the transversely stiffened plate under compressive axial stress conservatively. As to the transversely stiffened plate under tensile axial stress and the longitudinally stiffened plate, the strength reduction was in accordance with the reduction in the fully plastic moment based on the von Mises yield criterion in the conservative side. Finally, based on the findings, the required plate thickness coefficients were proposed on an empirical basis both for transversely and longitudinally stiffened plate under compressive and tensile axial loads.     

Dynamic response of the train–track–bridge system subjected to derailment impacts

Derailments on bridges, although not frequent, when occurs due to a complex dynamic interaction of the train–track–bridge structural system, are very severe. Furthermore, the forced vibration induced by the post-derailment impacts can toss out the derailed wagons from the bridge deck with severe consequences to the traffic underneath and the safety of the occupants of the wagons. This paper presents a study of the train–track–bridge interaction during a heavy freight train crossing a concrete box girder bridge from a normal operation to a derailed state. A numerical model that considers the bridge vibration, train–track interaction and the train post-derailment behaviour is formulated based on a coupled finite-element – multi-body dynamics (FE-MBD) theory. The model is applied to predict the post-derailment behaviour of a freight train composed of one locomotive and several wagons, as well as the dynamic response of a straight single-span simply supported bridge containing ballast track subjected to derailment impacts. For this purpose, a typical derailment scenario of a heavy freight train passing over a severe track geometry defect is introduced. The dynamic derailment behaviour of the heavy freight train and the dynamic responses of the rail bridge are illustrated through numerical examples. The results exhibit the potential for tossing out of the derailed trains from the unstable increase in the yaw angle signature and a lower rate of increase of the bridge deck bending moment compared to the increase in the static axle load of the derailed wheelset.     

考虑液舱内部水动力的FPSO波浪载荷研究

为研究液舱内液货自由面水动力效应对船体波浪载荷及船体运动的影响,基于一艘15万吨FPSO,选取液货舱原始布置形式下两种典型装载工况以及一组具有不同长度中部半载液舱的FPSO液舱分布模型,分别采用准静态方法和全动态方法对船体波浪载荷及运动进行计算。结果表明,使用准静态方法进行波浪载荷预报具有工程可靠性,中部半载液舱长度对船体波浪载荷及运动有一定影响。     

自升式平台拖航工况下运动响应预报

拖航工况是自升式平台结构安全评估的重要工况之一,惯性载荷是拖航工况评估中必须考虑的载荷之一,其计算通常依靠假定平台做简谐运动来实现,而这种假定是否可靠是未知的。为确定拖航工况下自升式平台所遭受的惯性载荷,文中利用SESAM软件及线性势流理论直接数值求解平台的运动响应RAO,并对垂荡、横摇和纵摇进行预报,将预报结果与简谐运动的假定进行比较。根据比较可知,简谐运动的假定是非常保守的假定。     

冰区航行船舶冰载荷研究进展综述

文章对冰载荷预报技术进行了研究与评估。给出了冰载荷的描述、定义,对预报方法进行了分类,并讨论了预报技术中的困难与难点。综述了理论预报方法和数值模拟技术,并分析了这些理论和方法的特点。指出这些预报方法的优点与缺点,并对今后的研究与开发工作给出了几点建议。     

三相坐标系下带非平衡负载的船舶电力系统的仿真与实验

船舶电力系统中存在着大量的非平衡负载,必将引起中性点电势的漂移,在传统的dq0坐标系下很难进行研究.在三相坐标系下各元件的数学模型中引入中性点电势,然后在三相坐标系中对典型的非平衡负载情况进行了仿真研究,并进行了实验分析.仿真与实验结果的比较证明,在三相坐标系下仿真分析带非平衡负载的船舶电力系统是准确可靠的.     

台风状态下码头护舷受力与吸能特点分析

分析了台风状态下的系泊船舶所受的环境力,并进一步建立了系泊状态下的平衡方程,采用模矢搜索法求解了平衡方程组,求解过程中,护舷的反力-变形曲线采用三次样条插值进行模拟,最终解出护舷的受力与吸能.在不同的波流夹角和不同的缆绳预张力的情况下,找出了护舷可能失效的波流夹角的危险区域,对护舷的受力规律进行了分析和总结,并计算了恶劣海况下,两种不同性能护舷的受力和吸能情况.     

水深对三体船运动和波浪载荷的影响

利用三维势流理论和简单格林函数计算了迎浪航行时不同航速和不同水深组合下的波浪运动响应和载荷传递函数,研究不同水深和航速组合对三体船的波浪运动响应和波浪载荷的影响,并对船舯垂向弯矩和舯后1/4船长处剪力进行了长期预报.将预报值与规范值进行比较,结果令人满意.计算结果表明三体船在不同水深下航行时,水深对其运动响应和波浪载荷都会产生显著影响.     

某大型集装箱船中间轴承换新简介及监修要点

文章通过某5100TEU集装箱船中间轴承更换,介绍中间轴承的更换安装工艺、程序、重要环节控制,中间轴承高度调整,及主机曲轴主轴承到艉轴管前轴承的各个轴承负荷合理分配。