土壤固化剂在高速公路路基处理中的应用

在开展季冻区柔性基层沥青路面结构组合研究过程中,级配碎石基层强度较低,为了保证路面结构的安全和降低沥青层的厚度,需提高级配碎石基层的土基强度。此外,级配碎石材料具有明显的非线性,其下土基强度的高低将直接对级配碎石强度的发挥有着重要的影响。因此,对于级配碎石基层沥青路面,需对土基采取加强措施,以利于结构层整体功能的发挥。通过对固化剂工作原理和路用性能的分析,阐述了土壤固化剂的适用范围和施工方法,既可充分利用当地资源,又为以后高等级公路土基处理提供一定的参考。     

土壤固化剂稳定细粒土基层试验研究

利用室内试验对固化剂稳定土的无侧限抗压强度、回弹模量、冻稳定系数和承载比等物理力学性质进行了研究,并结合试验路段检测结果研究了GSS固化剂加固路基土的施工工艺和技术指标。     

沥青路面质量控制

从沥青路面使用特性、沥青三大指标及沥青与矿料的粘结性、空隙率、沥青用量等几方面对沥青路面材料进行分析与控制,同时通过面层模量、基层模量与弯沉的关系,阐明了基层和土基的强度对沥青路面质量影响。     

超大直径土压平衡盾构施工土体改良试验研究

盾构推进时开挖面的稳定对控制沉降起着决定性作用,因此要求作为开挖面支撑介质的土砂具有良好的塑性变形、软稠度、内摩擦角小及渗透率小等特点,但是一般土壤不能完全满足这些特性,为此需要对开挖面土体进行改良。目前土体改良技术主要是在土体内加入膨润土、泡沫等添加剂来改善土体的性能,但是该技术对于超大直径、工程环境敏感的上海外滩通道工程是否适应值得探讨。为此,以上海外滩通道工程为背景,通过室内试验、模拟试验和现场试验研究了土体改良技术对超大直径土压平衡盾构隧道的适应性问题;通过室内试验验证了泡沫和膨润土对上海典型土体的改良效果;根据模拟推进试验结果确定了添加剂加量、发泡率等参数;最后通过现场试验探讨了改良效果。通过在超大直径土压平衡盾构施工中对土体进行改良,有效地保持了开挖面的稳定,减少了盾构推力与扭矩,刀盘磨损和机械负荷也都得到了很好的改善,盾构在土体改良后出土流畅、推进匀速,从而验证了土体改良技术对超大直径盾构隧道的适用性。     

可液化土层对地下结构地震反应的影响研究

为了研究砂土液化大变形对地铁车站结构产生的重要影响,使用FLAC~(3D),采用PL-Fin土体液化本构模型,总结地下结构位于可液化土层时,液化土层从液化初始到产生液化大变形时刻,土体液化、结构位移变形和结构周围土体应力与结构应力变化规律,并与非液化场地下的地下结构地震反应进行对比。主要结论有:地铁车站结构从底部开始液化,引起两侧土体的移动和结构的倾斜上浮;由于结构两侧土体液化较轻微,结构左侧墙临近土体应力及结构应力在液化和非液化场地中的变化规律比较类似,底部土体液化较严重导致液化地层中结构底板及底板相邻土体应力变化同非液化土层存在较大差异。     

路基压实机械的选择

根据不同土质的工程特点,路基工程中常用的压实机械的作用原理提出了选择压实机械的原则和方法,及施工中应注意的问题。     

Support condition monitoring of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines in layered soil based on model updating

Monopile-supported offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are dynamically sensitive structures whose fundamental frequencies may be close to those of environmental and turbine-related excitations. The changes in fundamental frequencies caused by pile-soil interaction (PSI) may result in unwanted resonance and serious O&M (Operation and Maintenance) issues, which have been identified as major challenges in the research field. Therefore, a novel model updating framework with an implicit objective function is proposed to monitor both the stiffness and damping variation of the OWT system based on the measured vibration characteristics, which is further verified by laboratory tests. In particular, layered soil was considered in the tests to simulate the practical soil conditions of Chinese seas. Different pile lengths were introduced to consider the long-term PSI effects for rigid piles and slender piles. The results showed that the variation in the fundamental frequency is significantly reduced in layered soil compared with the pure sand scenario. For the OWT systems in layered soil, the variation in foundation stiffness is negatively related to the burial depth under cyclic loading. The proposed model updating framework is proven reliable for support condition monitoring of OWT systems in complicated soil conditions.     

Validation of earthquake analysis methodology of a suction-caisson foundation-structure through model testing

Suction caissons are one of the most widely used foundation solutions for subsea structures and wind farms. Seismic response of subsea structures is however seldom documented properly, often just treated as a foundation capacity issue applying a quasi-static acceleration and not considering the inertial interaction between the structure and the soil. The more relevant tasks to document are the motions of the unit and the response of the externally connected flowlines and equipment/systems on the unit.Based on a case study located in the Shah Deniz field in the Caspian Sea, model centrifuge tests and numerical modelling were carried out to validate the global response of a 4-caisson supported manifold structure subject to seismic motions in soft clay. The centrifuge tests were carried out at 58 g at the centre for geotechnical modelling at UC Davis. To simulate the soil-structure interaction, a series of non-linear springs defined by kinematic hardening models were used in analyses with the ABAQUS software. This development includes the algorithms for determining the required model parameters. A very good agreement between recorded response from the centrifuge test and calculated response from the FE-analyses was achieved.The development and validation of the soil model presented in this paper is an improvement in design methodology for caisson foundations subjected to earthquake loading. The non-linear soil springs are well suited to incorporate in more detailed structural analyses where an accurate representation of the foundation response is required. The paper also briefly describes how the subsequent earthquake design analyses were performed for the Shah Deniz manifold structures making use of the validated soil spring model and the added value it gave to the project.