螺旋桨水动力性能的数值预报方法

基于速度势的低阶面元法预报螺旋桨的水动力性能。选用四边形双曲面元对桨叶进行离散以消除面元间的缝隙,基本积分方程由格林公式导出。在面元上布置等强度源汇和偶极子。采用线性尾涡并在每个尾涡面元上布置等强度的偶极子。利用Newton-Raphson迭代过程满足桨叶随边非线性等压kutta条件,使桨叶上下表面的压力在随边处一致。利用Morino计算影响函数的解析公式,采用Yanagizawa方法求得物体表面上的速度分布,并对普通桨和大侧斜桨进行了数值预报。     

船用组合启动盘的小型化

论述船用组合启动盘小型化的发展特点，分析了启动盘组成部件的改造和国外产品的技术进展，最后以日本涡潮公司产品为例，进行解剖，对共设计特点进行了探讨。     

采用有限元和边界元方法分析弹性加肋圆柱壳的声学相似性

本文采用有限元和边界元方法,分析水下运动体的典型结构──有限长弹性加肋圆柱壳的振动、耦合振动和声辐射的相似性,给出这种结构的声学相似条件和相似关系。     

Microscopic decision model for pedestrian route choice at signalized crosswalks

In this paper, two‐tier mathematical models were developed to simulate the microscopic pedestrian decision‐making process of route choice at signalized crosswalks. In the first tier, a discrete choice model was proposed to predict the choices of walking direction. In the second tier, an exponential model was calibrated to determine the step size in the chosen direction. First, a utility function was defined in the first‐tier model to describe the change of utility in response to deviation from a pedestrian's target direction and the conflicting effects of neighboring pedestrians. A mixed logit model was adopted to estimate the effects of the explanatory variables on the pedestrians' decisions. Compared with the standard multinomial logit model, it was shown that the mixed logit model could accommodate the heterogeneity. The repeated observations for each pedestrian were grouped as panel data to ensure that the parameters remained constant for individual pedestrians but varied among the pedestrians. The mixed logit model with panel data was found to effectively address inter‐pedestrian heterogeneity and resulted in a better fit than the standard multinomial logit model. Second, an exponential model in the second tier was proposed to further determine the step size of individual pedestrians in the chosen direction; it indicates the change in walking speed in response to the presence of other pedestrians. Finally, validation was conducted on an independent set of observation data in Hong Kong. The pedestrians' routes and destinations were predicted with the two‐tier models. Compared with the tracked trajectories, the average error between the predicted destinations and the observed destinations was within an acceptable margin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

膨胀土地区地铁车站轨排井设计与分析

地铁车站轨排井通常情况下采用传统的悬臂围护结构、围护结构+锚索等基坑支护方式,然而膨胀土地区的独特岩土特性导致不能使用锚索,因而需要采用车站主体结构承担全部水、土荷载。文章通过对成都地铁2号线保安村站轨排井设计方案进行优化调整和有限元分析,提出膨胀土地区车站轨排井设计采用主体结构受力方案,轨排井使用和监测结果表明优化调整后的轨排井满足设计要求。     

车用弹性—粘弹性阻尼复合板传声损失的实验研究

本文用混响室－消声箱法对具有不同几何和物理参数配置的弹性－粘弹性阻尼复合板传声损失（ＴＬ）进行了系统的实验测量。根据测量结果的分析,得到了有限尺寸阻尼复合板的结构参数变化对传声损失影响的规律,这些规律对于低噪声汽车设计中阻尼复合板隔声件的结构参数优化具有实际意义。     

对中美钢铁案的几点思索--兼评世贸组织争端解决机制中的执行制度

中美钢铁案所引发的不仅是人们对案件结果的关注，同时，也使人们想通过本案的解决来进一步了解世贸组织争端解决机制的具体运作过程。与其它国际组织争端解决机制相比，世贸组织争端解决机制有其鲜明的特色，尤其是其中的执行制度。如何去熟悉并很好地利用这一机制，这是每一个世贸组织成员不可回避的一个问题。从中关钢铁案的发生到解决，我们可以发现美国是如何娴熟地利用世贸组织争端解决机制来协调它的许多对内对外政策，以及该机制中的执行制度目前还存在哪些不足。同时，我们也会对今后如何处理中国与其它世贸组织成员之间的贸易纠纷多几分思考。     

Switch Panel wear loading – a parametric study regarding governing train operational factors

The acting forces and resulting material degradation at the running surfaces of wheels and rail are determined by vehicle, track, interface and operational characteristics. To effectively manage the experienced wear, plastic deformation and crack development at wheels and rail, the interaction between vehicle and track demands a system approach both in maintenance and in design. This requires insight into the impact of train operational parameters on rail- and wheel degradation, in particular at switches and crossings due to the complex dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle at a turnout. A parametric study was carried out by means of vehicle-track simulations within the VAMPIRE® multibody simulation software, performing a sensitivity analysis regarding operational factors and their impact on expected switch panel wear loading. Additionally, theoretical concepts were cross-checked with operational practices by means of a case study in response to a dramatic change in lateral rail wear development at specific switches in Dutch track. Data from train operation, track maintenance and track inspection were analysed, providing further insight into the operational dependencies. From the simulations performed in this study, it was found that switch rail lateral wear loading at the diverging route of a 1:9 type turnout is significantly influenced by the level of wheel–rail friction and to a lesser extent by the direction of travel (facing or trailing). The influence of other investigated parameters, being vehicle speed, traction, gauge widening and track layout is found to be small. Findings from the case study further confirm the simulation outcome. This research clearly demonstrates the contribution flange lubrication can have in preventing abnormal lateral wear at locations where the wheel–rail interface is heavily loaded.     

铁路电力与信号设备供电匹配性分析

铁路工程中由于信号电源屏与供电系统开关电流整定不匹配,经常导致事故时开关越级跳闸。通过分析信号负荷的特点及信号、电力两专业对信号负荷电流的计算过程,发现二者所遵循的标准以及对系数的取值存在差异。电力专业计算结果更接近于实际,而信号专业计算结果偏大,造成电流整定不匹配。通过分析开关的保护特性,提出对于信号负荷占变压器容量比重较小时,信号机房配电开关采用隔离型,信号电源屏进线开关与变电所开关实现选择性保护的配电方案;信号负荷占变压器容量比重较大时,电力供电设远动功能,便于快速恢复供电。此方案已在多个工程中采用。