商用车仪表板材料与工艺及发展趋势

汽车驾驶室内部的仪表板是内饰中重要的功能件和装饰件.仪表板的造型、材料、加工工艺直接影响到消费者对整车内饰的评价.文章介绍了商用车不同发展阶段仪表板的成型材料、工艺、工装等.重点论述了半硬质仪表板、硬质仪表板、搪塑仪表板成型时的选用材料、制造工艺及工装.认为聚氨酯喷涂成型仪表板是未来的发展趋势.     

激光焊接夹层甲板板格强度计算的子模型方法

提出了基于有限元软件ANSYS的激光焊接钢质夹层甲板板格结构强度计算的子模型方法。分别对考虑激光焊接焊缝缺陷的I型夹层板格结构的壳单元计算模型和体单元子模型进行强度分析,并与全部体单元模型的芯层与上下面板连接处及面板中部处应力分布计算结果进行对比,验证壳单元计算模型和子模型方法用于计算夹层甲板板格强度的正确性。计算结果表明,对强度特征关注区域,可建立多个体单元子模型,确定子模型边界影响区域范围,从而可较为准确地评估夹层甲板板格结构强度特性,包括焊缝处应力分布。壳单元计算模型可获得较为精确的板格变形值,但无法考虑激光焊接焊缝缺陷,获得的焊缝处最大应力值明显偏小。     

I型金属夹层结构连接构件强度特性研究及灵敏度分析

在国外,激光焊接钢质夹层结构已用于实船,其连接构件的强度特性是尚待解决的关键问题之一.应用有限元分析软件ANSYS,研究2种典型连接构件的面外强度特性及灵敏度.计算中,为降低计算规模,采用MPC壳体连接和子模型分析技术;进行灵敏度分析时,为减少大量方案计算所需的繁琐人工操作,应用Matlab驱动ANSYS,以批处理方式的有限元分析计算各方案的响应值.计算结果显示,在普通焊接接头处存在一定的应力集中.在控制结构重量的条件下,若要降低接头的应力集中系数,对于内嵌方框型连接构件而言,增大连接构件长度和夹层端部面板长度最为有效,增大水平板厚度也有一定的作用;对于外接平板型连接构件而言,最有效的途径是增大连接构件的厚度,并选取合适的连接构件长度.     

U型折叠式夹层板防护性能数值仿真分析

开展夹层板单元防护性能研究可为舰船防护结构设计提供指导。以某船底加筋板架为应用对象,设计出U型折叠式夹层板结构;利用MSC.Dytran对船底板架及夹层板结构在水下爆炸冲击载荷下的动态响应进行数值仿真分析,通过分析流-固耦合压力、损伤变形、速度、加速度、结构塑性吸能等性能参数,对比研究两结构的防护性能;分析夹层板在不同冲击强度下的损伤特性,面板厚度、夹芯板厚、夹芯与面板夹角、夹芯单元宽度、夹芯高度等结构参数对夹层板损伤变形、结构吸能等特性的影响。通过研究得到了U型夹层板在水下爆炸冲击载荷下的损伤特性、变形模式等,U型夹层板的防护性能明显优于传统加筋板架,夹芯层在夹层板抵抗水下冲击载荷中起到关键作用,结构参数对防护性能产生不同程度的影响。     

A Review of Pseudo Panel Data Approach in Estimating Short-run and Long-run Public Transport Demand Elasticities

Abstract

The distinctions between short-run and long-run public transport demand elasticities have been highlighted in the literature, but the identification of long-run travel demand has been constrained by existing research methodology and the unavailability of longitudinal travel survey data. The pseudo panel data approach using repeated cross-sectional data has been suggested as an alternative to conducting a longitudinal travel demand analysis when genuine panel data are not available. This paper comprehensively reviews the background and the current practices of pseudo panel data research, and introduces the challenges in applied research that need further investigation, particularly for public transport. A case study using the Sydney Household Travel Survey data is presented to demonstrate pseudo panel data construction and to identify the short-run and long-run public transport demand elasticities using a pseudo panel data approach. The research findings suggest that the public transport demand elasticity of price in Sydney is ?0.22 in the short run and ?0.29 in the long run.     

基于Autoform的汽车冲压件工艺参数正交试验设计

为缩短制件设计开发时间和优化工艺参数,文章通过Auto form软件对某汽车前围板成型过程进行分析,并采用正交试验方法进行方案设计.通过分析冲压过程工艺参数（冲压速度、凹模圆角、摩擦系数、板料厚度和压边力等）对前围板成型缺陷的影响程度,使用Minitab软件对各参数进行方差分析,得出5因素影响制件开裂大小,它们依次为凹模圆角＞板料厚度＞压边力＞摩擦系数＞冲压速度.并用Mintab软件优选方案,得到了最优方案.     

汽车发动机盖抗凹性的研究与应用

某车型发动机盖抗凹性不足。本文对抗凹性的原理进行分析,并提出了改进建议,对发动机盖设计有较好的指导建议。     

The Dutch mobility panel: Experiences and evaluation

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the history and research experiences of the Dutch National Mobility Panel. Attention is given to the sampling strategy, the policy goals, and the representativity of the panel. It also tries to evaluate the research outcomes in terms of the original objectives and in view of more general research and policy goals. In sections one and two, a historic overview is given, starting from the first ideas to implement a longitudinal research instrument in transportation planning. In section three, some attention is devoted to longitudinal versus cross-sectional analyses. In section four, the sample design is treated in some detail. Next, various forms of bias are discussed that affect the representativity of the panel. In the sixth section, an overview is given of the research conducted with the data. Some conclusions are given in the final section.     

内燃机车静态模拟器

机车模拟器是开发机车控制装置过程中所必需的设备。着重介绍了内燃机车静态模拟器的功能，系统结构以及软硬件设计。最后给出了模拟器用于调式车风１１微机控制屏软硬件的试验结果，并评述了模拟器的作用。     

Interactive flexural-torsional buckling behaviour of stiffened plating

Results from a series of studies on stiffened plates under axial compression are presented in this paper. The large-deflection elasto-plastic behaviour of each panel component is described by the von Karman equations, thus enabling the lateral-torsional buckling of the stiffener to be modelled in a rigorous manner. Material nonlinearity is represented using the von Mises yield criterion in conjunction with the Prandtl-Reuss flow rule. Results are presented in the form of average stress-strain curves which are used to generate maximum strength curves for the stiffener and plate.