Examining determinants of rail ridership: a case study of the Orlando SunRail system

The current study contributes to the literature on transit ridership by considering daily boarding and alighting data from a recently launched commuter rail system in Orlando, Florida – SunRail. The analysis is conducted based on daily boarding and alighting data for 10 months for the year 2015. With the availability of repeated observations for every station, the potential impact of common unobserved factors affecting ridership variables are considered. The current study develops an estimation framework, for boarding and alighting separately, that accounts for these unobserved effects at multiple levels – station, station-week and station-day. In addition, the study examines the impact of various observed exogenous factors such as station level, transportation infrastructure, transit infrastructure, land use, built environment, sociodemographic and weather variables on ridership. The model system developed will allow us to predict ridership for existing stations in the future as well as potential ridership for future expansion sites.     

Induced road traffic in Spanish regions: A dynamic panel data model

Distinguishing between traffic generated exclusively from the expansion of the road network (induced demand) and that resulting from other demand factors is of crucial importance to properly designed transport policies. This paper analyzes and quantifies the induced demand for road transport for Spain’s main regions from 1998 to 2006, years that saw mobility in Spain attain its highest growth rate. The lack of research in this area involving Spain and the key role played by the sector, given its high level of energy consumption and the negative externalities associated with it (accidents, noise, traffic congestion, emissions, etc.), endow greater relevance to this type of research. Based on a Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) reduced-form model, we apply alternative approaches (fixed and random effects and GMM-based methods) for measuring the induced demand. The results obtained provide evidence for the existence of an induced demand for transport in Spain, though said results vary depending on the estimating method employed.     

基于有限元虚拟评估的车身后端板预装搭扣尺寸优化

在车身工艺同步工程阶段采用有限元虚拟评估方法,对后端板预装搭扣进行仿真分析,发现预装零件在运输过程中存在掉落风险。通过对预装搭扣进行尺寸优化,使其满足制造要求。通过在产品设计阶段提前识别制造质量风险,避免零件后期更改造成的修模等制造成本的增加,从而达到提升制造质量、降低制造成本的目的。     

某SUV仪表板异响问题的分析与整改

汽车的各种异响历来都是投诉榜的前排问题,对整车品质有极大的影响,在车辆开发前期,必须重视并尽快解决异响问题^[1]。文章介绍某SUV仪表板中部区域异响问题的分析与改进。为确定异响源,根据产品结构设计及开发经验,利用"头脑风暴法"对可能造成异响的各方面原因进行梳理,并逐一进行验证排查确认,最终确认问题原因。最终根据问题原因制定相应的整改措施,并落实解决异响问题。异响问题的消除,可进一步提升产品品质及用户口碑。     

基于声学传递向量法的车内低频噪声分析与控制

基于声学传递向量(ATV)法对声学贡献问题分析进行了分析和讨论;针对某型轿车建立了车内空腔的有限元和边界元模型,并将边界元方法与ATV法结合起来研究了车身板件声学贡献的特点和确定方法;在此基础上对车内噪声进行了分析与控制.     

中宁黄河特大桥钢桁梁整体节点制孔工艺

中宁黄河特大桥钢桁梁采用整体节点,由于在整体节点处有不同平面的杆件交汇,所以制孔的精度十分重要.为确保各种杆件能准确连接,制作了专用制孔胎具和确定了制孔的工艺措施, 使得中宁黄河大桥钢桁梁的制造精度满足了设计要求并顺利地完成了安装施工.     

交叉口信号协调控制适用性仿真分析

针对当前城市道路交通随着城市机动化的发展引起的交通阻塞问题,利用仿真技术对交通交叉口的信息控制进行模拟分析,通过仿真的结果对交叉口的信息控制-线控和面控进行比较,从而得出交叉口信号协调控制的适用性条件.     

空泡螺旋桨诱导的船体脉动压力预报

本文用空泡预报的结果,在桨叶面和尾涡面布置强度已知的源汇和偶极子,计算了空泡螺旋桨诱导的脉动压力.真实的船体表面形状可以通过在船体表面布置偶极子来考虑,求得船体表面的偶极子强度后,通过Bernoulli方程可得到船体表面的脉动压力.为了便于同已有的试验数据进行比较,本文计算了空泡螺旋桨诱导的平板脉动压力.     

复合受力作用下的板格和加筋板的极限强度计算与研究

通过非线性有限元对板和加筋板在承受复合受力作用时的极限强度做计算和研究,讨论了非线性有限元计算中板和加筋板的边界条件及初始变形的实现,单元尺寸的选定,边界条件的施加,多载荷步的非线性求解等技术问题.分别选取了一块板格和加筋板作为研究对象,对多种复合载荷形式下的板和加筋板的极限强度进行了计算分析.计算结果表明,在非线性有限元计算中的处理方法是正确、有效的,计算结果与参考值吻合良好.     

A module-oriented tool for optimum design of stiffened structures—Part I

The development of the LBR-5 “Stiffened Panels Software” is included in the development of a new design methodology to ease and to improve preliminary studies of naval structures and floating hydraulic structures. The ultimate target is to link standard design tools (steel structure CAD, hull form, hydrostatic curves, floating stability, weight estimation, etc.) with a rational optimization design module and a minimum construction cost (or minimum weight) objective function. This paper is the first part of a series of two articles. It focuses on the ‘Module-Oriented Optimization’ methodology and on the rational constraints. The second paper presents the optimization technique using convex linearization and a dual approach, and the optimization of an FSO unit as an example (Rigo and Fleury, Marine Stuructures, 2001). LBR-5 allows, as of the first draft, an optimization of the scantling of the structure's constituent elements. Relevant limit states of the structure are taken into account thanks to a 3D rational analysis of the structure based on the general rules of solid-mechanics and structure behaviour. The optimization module is composed of 3 basic modules (OPTI, CONSTRAINT and COST) and a group of sub-modules (in external databases). Among these the user selects a set of relevant sub-modules (i.e. geometrical and structural constraints). Since the present optimization deals with least construction costs (as objective function), and uses an explicit objective function (not empirical), the user must specify labor costs (unitary material costs, welding, cutting, etc.).