汽车空调控制面板的单片机实现方案

以手动空调控制面板为例,设计了选用单片机实现空调控制面板功能的电路方案。硬件电路结构简单,系统控制可靠。     

汽车仪表板与转向系振动特性CAE分析

基于给定的某款车型数据,利用MSC．ADAMS／Car平台建立包括仪表板和转向系在内刚柔耦合整车模型,对转向系和仪表板进行典型工况下NVH特性分析;并利用有限元方法对仪表板、转向系总成建模并求解模态参数,有效预测可能出现的NVH问题,为提升整车NVH性能提供了必要的参考。     

桨后舵附推力鳍理论计算

螺旋桨与舵附推力鳍,分别采用升力面法和基于速度势的面元法计算,两者之间的相互干扰采用迭代计算。在计算面元的影响系数时,应用了Morino导出的解析计算公式,以加快数值的计算速度。分析了不同螺旋桨尾涡模型对舵附推力鳍水动力性能的影响,并提出一种新的螺旋桨尾涡模型。计算了加装舵附推力鳍之后螺旋桨尾流场周向诱导速度沿径向的分布。对影响推力鳍助推效率的几个主要参数进行了变尺度研究。     

Technical characteristics and efficiency of urban bus companies: The case of Spain

The aim of the present study is twofold. First, to provide new information concerning the technical characteristics of urban bus companies on the basis of a sample of medium and large-size cities in Spain. Second, to analyze the degree of efficiency of those companies and to quantify the reasons for this efficiency. The results should be useful in evaluating possible changes in public policies relating to urban transport, specifically changes in the way the market is organized and in pricing.The analysis is carried out by estimating a cost function. The sample is made up of a panel data set consisting of observations of nine Spanish companies that operated during the period 1983–1995. The specified functional form is translogarithmic. The output unit of measure adopted is bus*kms run. The cost function includes the network length for each company, thus permitting evidence concerning economies of density and economies of scale.The use of panel data allows us to estimate the cost function, taking into account that each company is affected by the specific characteristics of each individual city, the different features of the network in question and by different levels of efficiency. The economies of scale have been calculated, taking into account that the features of the network and of the city – represented by their specific individual effect – will vary with the company's level of output.Finally, an analysis is made of the relative productive efficiency of the companies, as well as of the variables likely to influence that efficiency.     

Numerical and experimental study of submerged supple nets: Applications to fish farms

Our aim is to investigate the behavior of submerged supple nets. This work generates many problems owing to the discontinuous and highly flexible nature of the nets. Only the action of external forces can bring an infinitely flexible structure like a net into a definite shape. When considering supple nets immersed in a fluid, these external forces themselves depend on the net geometry. A numerical method to solve this fluid-structure coupling problem is proposed, and is applied to fish farms. In order to validate the calculation model of the hydrodynamic forces on the mesh sides, we measured the hydrodynamic forces on a plane panel of netting spread across a transverse current. We thus proved that the Landweber model modified according to the Richtmeyer formula as regards friction gives good results. The calculated shape of the fixed net cage is qualitatively in accordance with flume tank observations. We have adapted the algorithm to the study of the dynamic behavior of floating fish farms.     

导管调距桨的定常性能预估

本文建立了一个预估导管可调螺距螺旋桨水动力性能的数值计算方法，即螺旋浆用升力面理论、导管采用面元法，通过迭代计算考虑浆和导管的相互影响。引入了一个修正的螺旋浆尾涡模型，来模拟尾涡片的扭曲变形及分离现象，对导管桨性能预估的各种影响因素分析了系统研究，并考虑了桨毂对性能的影响。对JD简易导管桨和导管调距桨（JD7704导管＋JDC三叶可调螺距螺旋浆）分别进行了计算，并与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明，本文所建立的方法可较好地预估导管桨的水性能，精度比以往有较大的提高。     

Ultimate collapse tests of stiffened-plate ship structural units

An increasingly popular approximate method for assessing ship hull girder ultimate strength is to combine the individual elasto-plastic load-carrying characteristics of each single stiffened-plate unit comprising the ship hull cross section. In order to evaluate methods (numerical and experimental) for developing the load-carrying characteristics (load–shortening curves), a full-scale testing system was designed and constructed to provide data for stiffened steel plate units under combined axial and lateral loads. The system included an assembly of discrete plate edge restraints that were developed to represent symmetric boundary conditions within a grillage system. Twelve full-scale panels including ‘as-built’, ‘deformed’ and ‘damaged’ specimens were tested in this set-up.

The specimens failed by combined plate and flexural buckling, stiffener tripping or local collapse, depending on the magnitude of lateral loads and local damage. Load-shortening curves associated with different failure modes were found to be distinctly different and it was found that a small lateral load could change the failure mode from flexural buckling to tripping. Current design criteria should directly consider effects of the lateral loads on the failure modes and the collapse loads of stiffened plates.     

Regularity and irreversibility of weekly travel behavior

Dynamic characteristics of travel behavior are analyzed in this paper using weekly travel diaries from two waves of panel surveys conducted six months apart. An analysis of activity engagement indicates the presence of significant regularity in weekly activity participation between the two waves. The analysis also shows a general lack of association between regularity in activity participation and change in person and household attributes, suggesting the presence of behavioral inertia or response lags. It is further shown that observed trip rates do not exhibit patterns that would be observed if travel behavior had no response lag and no history dependence. The results point to the needs for models that are capable of representing these aspects of travel behavior.     

汽车覆盖件模具的数字化设计与制造

数字化制造可以大大缩短覆盖模具设计，调试和制造周期，降低模具的生产成本，提高模具的设计质量和可靠性，最终提高覆盖件制造的精度，质量和效率。介绍了覆盖件模具的数字化设计与制造技术，以某汽车发动机罩拉延模制造为例，阐述了汽车覆盖件模具数字化制造的流程与方法。     

浅谈高速公路用防眩板

目前我国高速公路用防眩设施主要有植树、防眩网和防眩板三种形式,利用防眩板防眩,具有安装方便,无积雪、风阻小、维护费用低等优点,主要应用于桥上或其他不宜种植绿化植物的地方。文章介绍了防眩板的部分遮光设置原理,通过对金属防眩板、塑料防眩板和玻璃钢防眩板的制作工艺和性能指标的研究,发现3种防眩板的抗风荷载、抗变形量和抗冲击性都比较好,塑料防眩板和玻璃钢防眩板加入耐老化剂后,其耐候性明显提高,塑料防眩板的耐腐蚀性较好,玻璃钢防眩板和塑料防眩板在发生交通事故时,不易产生二次伤害。文章对不同条件下防眩板的选用提供了参考。