Simulations of pollutant dispersion at toll plazas using three-dimensional CFD models

Toll plazas are particularly susceptible to build-ups of vehicle-emitted pollutants because vehicles pass through in low gear. To look at this, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations of pollutant dispersion are used on the standard k − ε turbulence model. The effects of wind speed, wind direction and topography on pollutant dispersion were discussed. The Wuzhuang toll plaza on the Hefei-Nanjing expressway is considered, and the effects of the retaining walls along both sides of the plaza on pollutant dispersion is analysed. There are greater pollutant concentrations near the tollbooths as the angle between the direction of the wind and traffic increases implying that retaining walls impede dispersion. The slope of the walls has little influence on the variations in pollutant concentration.     

大牛地气田输气管道内积液分析

为了明确大牛地气田输气管线内是否存在积液,从管道高程、末端分离器排液和管线压降变化三方面进行论证分析。分析表明:液体易于在西1线和中1线内积存,不易在东1线内积存,但末端分离器在清管后没有排过液,且TGNET模拟的理论压降和实际压降差别不大,即西1线、中1线和东1线目前不存在积液;塔榆管线高程整体呈下坡走势,塔榆末站分离器2014年1月—8月没有排过液,且TGNET模拟的理论压降和实际压降差别不大,即塔榆管线存在积液的可能性很小;大杭管线高程平缓,且末端分离器2014年1月—8月没有排过液,不同输气量下TGNET模拟的理论压降与实际压降差别不大,即大杭管线存在积液的可能性很小。     

油-水两相流流变特性研究

应用细管式流变仪对含水稠油流变性进行了实验研究,得出不同温度、不同含水率以及不同剪切率下的流变规律和计算方法。在实验范围内含水稠油为非牛顿流体。随着温度的升高,流变指数增大而稠度系数减小;随着含水率的增加,流变指数和稠度系数不断减小。含水稠油的温度在90℃以下时,其n值都小于1,此时含水稠油的流变特性为假塑性流体,而且,温度越低,n值越小,表示含水稠油的流变特性偏离牛顿流体特性越远,假塑性越强。     

电流变液体减振器的研究

本文用电流变仪对BW型电流变液体进行测试,并将其用于筒式车用减振器。通过台架试验研究了激振频率、振幅对电流变液体减振器性能的影响,并就电流变液体减振器要求的流体性能进行探讨。研究结果表明,低频大振幅下,随着电场强度变化电流变液体减振器阻尼力变化显著;应用具有电粘特性的流体作为该电流变液体减振器的工作液更有价值。     

Semi-active H∞ control of high-speed railway vehicle suspension with magnetorheological dampers

In this paper, semi-active H∞ control with magnetorheological (MR) dampers for railway vehicle suspension systems to improve the lateral ride quality is investigated. The proposed semi-active controller is composed of a H∞ controller as the system controller and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) inverse MR damper model as the damper controller. First, a 17-degree-of-freedom model for a full-scale railway vehicle is developed and the random track irregularities are modelled. Then a modified Bouc–Wen model is built to characterise the forward dynamic characteristics of the MR damper and an inverse MR damper model is built with the ANFIS technique. Furthermore, a H∞ controller composed of a yaw motion controller and a rolling pendulum motion (lateral motion+roll motion) controller is established. By integrating the H∞ controller with the ANFIS inverse model, a semi-active H∞ controller for the railway vehicle is finally proposed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed semi-active suspension system possesses better attenuation ability for the vibrations of the car body than the passive suspension system.     

散装水泥运输罐车刹车过程物料流动特性研究

为探索散装水泥运输半挂车在刹车过程罐内物料的流动特性,基于FLUENT计算流体力学软件,采用欧拉-欧拉方法建立双流体模型,通过Syamlal-O＇Brien模型描述气-固曳力,对散装水泥运输半挂车在刹车过程罐内水泥的流动特性进行了数值模拟。结果表明,散装水泥运输半挂车在刹车过程中,罐内水泥向前运动,牵引车载荷高于设计载荷,对此提出通过在罐内顶部增设阻流板,可有效避免散装水泥运输半挂车在刹车过程由于载荷分布不合理而引起的一系列问题的改进措施。     

卡森流体定量指标的探讨

卡森流体逐从方程，并随而变化的流动由武西数为：式中的和值是确定该曲线轨迹，决定流体性质，并与，变化无关的常数．和值是对流体进行多点测量，。计算机线性回归、方差分析、F检验后确定涵义与ICSH所提倡的指标相比，即减少了实验设基，又收少受的震响，故有较高的可靠性和可比性．和值分别与和指标依次有明显的正相关性．而且的物理意义明确，影响因素各异，此为血液流变性的生理、病理学分析提供了更确切、更有医学参考价值的信息．因此作者建议用和值作为卡在流体，特别是。液流变性的定量指标．     

On nonlinear ship waves and wave resistance calculations

A finite difference method based on the Euler equations is developed for computing ship waves and wave resistances. Time marching is carried out using a time-splitting fractional-step method. The second-order central difference is used to discretize the spatial differentials, while the convection terms are discretized by the QUICK scheme. A body- and free-surface-fitted grid system with a cell-centered stencil is used. A Poisson equation for the pressure increment at each time step is solved to enforce mass conservation. The method is validated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data for a Wigley parabolic hull. The characteristics of ship waves, such as the wave profile along the hull, the wave pattern on the free surface, the pressure distribution on the hull surface, and the wave-making resistance are reasonably predicted. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Received for publication on Oct. 13, 1998; accepted on Jan. 20, 1999     

普通螺旋桨和大侧斜螺旋桨在两个特定流场中的脉动压力试验研究

本研究通过普通螺旋桨(无侧斜)和大侧斜螺旋桨在空泡水洞两个特定流场(对称非均匀流场和不对称非均匀流场)中诱导的脉动压力试验测量,探讨其不同的脉动压力特性和侧针的减振效果;介绍了为测量脉动压力而建立的传感器和数据采集处理系统。这一根据高速采集储存数据、慢速传送微机处理思想建立起来的Molti-Function系统,有别于通常采用的由高速处理机和磁带记录机组成的脉动压力数据采集处理系统,具有数据采样速度快,无信号失真等优点。本研究发现,大侧斜桨具有降低螺旋桨空化诱导的脉动压力幅值作用,但这一作用的大小与空化数和流场特徵有关;无论是普通桨还是大側斜桨,在不均匀流场中诱导的脉动压力均具如下特徵,即与一阶叶频谐调分量相比,在较大空化数情况,二阶以上叶频谐调分量明显丰富,而在较小空化数情况,则明显变小。本研究认为,在应用简化网格模拟得到的不均匀流场中进行螺旋桨脉动压力测量的比较试验,可克服模拟流场差异带来的测量结果误差,有助于提高实验室的脉动压力测试技术水平。     

变流器水冷管道内汽蚀条件的计算流体动力学分析

从流体动力学理论出发,对汽蚀现象的产生机理等进行了分析。在此基础上,以变流器水冷系统管道中存在变截面的90°弯头段为例,建立三维模型,采用Realizable k-湍流模型并借助SIMPLE算法对管件内的流体运动进行CFD（计算流体动力学）数值模拟。通过对模拟结果进行分析发现：当截面平均速度保持在2.38 m/s以下时,管道内部理论上不会形成汽蚀;当速度高于3.1 m/s时,流体的压力将低于空气析出压力,溶解在流体中的气体便会迅速析出,使管道系统中存在极大的汽蚀隐患。