驾驶舱眩光仿真分析与实车评价

良好的汽车驾驶舱视觉舒适性能够保障驾乘人员的行车安全，提高道路交通的稳定性，因此汽车驾驶舱的人机工程布置和内饰设计需要考虑减少驾驶舱眩光的产生。针对该问题，提出了一种基于CATIA/SPEOS的汽车驾驶室眩光评估方法。利用光线追踪法分析产生光反射部件之间的几何位置关系，在考虑材质属性、外界环境、真实光学效果和阳光照射方向的前提下，利用视觉仿真精确映射汽车驾驶舱的眩光位置。以某型SUV驾驶舱为例，通过光线跟踪分析发现，组合仪表不会有光线的直接照射产生眩光，中控大屏幕会有通过天窗和右边侧窗玻璃的光线直接照射产生眩光；通过视觉仿真分析发现，组合仪表由于光线折反射导致轻微眩光，中控大屏幕眩光面积较大；前挡风玻璃区域在中午和下午眩光较为严重，左边外后视镜区域在下午有空调镀铬装饰和风口造型的成像；中控大屏幕贴合AR防眩光膜优化后，分析结果表明，整块屏幕视觉效果趋于一致，视觉功效有显著提高。通过制定驾驶舱炫目主观评价流程并进行主观评价分析，得出驾驶舱眩光主观评价分析结果与仿真方法评估结果一致，表明该评估方法在新车研发和车型改款试制前期对驾驶室眩光分析和优化具有可行性。     

Crash risk factors associated with injury severity of teen drivers

This paper focuses on identifying crash risk factors associated with injury severity of teen drivers. Crash data obtained from the Highway Safety and Information System (HSIS) for the entire state of North Carolina, for years 2011 to 2013, was used for analysis and modeling. Among all the crashes during the study period, a total of 62,990 crashes involving teen drivers (15 to 19?years) were analyzed. A partial proportionality odds model was developed to identify factors contributing to injury severity of teen drivers. The results obtained indicate that teen drivers driving sports utility vehicles and pickup trucks are more likely to be severely injured when compared to teen drivers driving passenger cars. Teen drivers are more likely to be severely injured on weekdays, particularly during peak hours. The chances of teen drivers getting involved in severe injury crashes on Tuesdays and Fridays is higher when compared to Sundays. Age, gender, road configuration, terrain, adverse weather condition, and access control are observed to have a significant effect on teen driver's injury severity.     

Dynamic anti-plane interaction between an impermeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium

Wave propagation in an infinite elastic piezoelectric medium with a circular cavity and an impermeable crack subjected to steady-state anti-plane shearing was studied based on Green＇s function and the crack-division technique. Theoretical solutions were derived for the whole elastic displacement and electric potential field in the interaction between the circular cavity and the impermeable crack. Expressions were obtained on the dynamic stress concentration factor （DSCF） at the cavity＇s edge, the dynamic stress intensity factor （DSIF） and the dynamic electric displacement intensity factor （DEDIF） at the crack tip. Numerical solutions were performed and plotted with different incident wave numbers, parameters of piezoelectric materials and geometries of the structure. Finally, some of the calculation results were compared with the case of dynamic anti-plane interaction of a permeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium. This paper can provide a valuable reference for the design of piezoelectric actuators and sensors widely used in marine structures.     

中、英、美规范温度梯度效应的分析比较

根据中、英、美3国公路桥梁相关规范介绍的方法,对常见跨度的预应力混凝土桥梁的温度梯度效应及其在组合应力中的贡献进行分析与比较.通过对比,认为中国2004规范规定的温度梯度效应较大,而且在抗裂方面要求较严格,建议对我国已建桥梁结构由于温度梯度效应造成的病害进行调查、分析,更合理地确定其分项系数.     

浅析船厂用电管理中的节能措施

文章阐述了船厂用电管理过程中电费的构成和能耗产生的原因,提出了在变压器经济运行、功率因数控制、线损管理和用电设备等方面的几种节能措施。     

预应力钢绞线伸长量的准确计算与量测方法

预应力钢绞线伸长量偏差作为校核预应力施加是否达到设计控制张拉力的一个重要指标,其理论伸长量的准确计算与实际伸长量准确量测、计算是保证伸长量偏差的准确性的根本。对预应力钢绞线理论伸长量的准确计算方法,实际伸长量量测、计算方法作较系统的介绍,可供从事工程技术人员参考。     

土工格室加筋路堤边坡离心模型试验研究

以边坡高度12 m,坡度为1∶0.75,共铺设土工格室20层,层厚为0.6 m的某二级公路为原型路堤,设计和制作了9组土工格室加筋和1组未加土工格室边坡相似模型,对土工格室加筋边坡变形和破坏力学机理进行了离心模型试验研究。在试验加载过程中,采用位移传感器测量坡顶的变形,通过摄影照相记录边坡破坏全过程。试验发现,土工格室加筋边坡破坏过程可划分为变形、开裂、局部剪切塑性变形和破坏四个阶段。土工格室加筋边坡的破坏模式表现为加筋区的整体破坏,并与未加筋区有明显的分界线。加大格室高度与层厚比和提高格室长度与坡高之比有利于增加边坡的稳定性,但存在一个临界值。填料强度对土工格室加筋边坡的影响十分突出,边坡坡度对其稳定性的影响则不大。     

地方海事行政执法难点探析

地方海事行政执法是法律法规授权的具有独立主体的行政执法,也是地方海事机构的主要社会功能和赖以存在的价值所在。本文根据笔者多年来海事执法实践,对地方海事行政执法过程中存在的外在执法难问题进行了综合分析,并提出了相应对策。     

严格计量程序 确保支付合理

公路工程计量与支付工作是工程建设过程中的重要组成内容，是保证投资的手段，在工程实施过程中，我们应始终坚持公平、公正的原则，明确计量与支付工作的程序，做到“三不计”——不超计、不漏计、不重计。     

虚拟仪器在内燃机测试中的开发应用

提出了一种由笔记本电脑及其专用数据采集器组成的内燃机测试仪器。着重就其工作原理，系统组成，特点及应用情况进行了论述。