民营资本参与城市轨道交通PPP项目障碍因素分析

民营资本参与度不足已经成为中国PPP模式在城市轨道交通项目领域持续推广的一大桎梏,识别和分析民营资本参与的障碍因素是促进其参与的关键问题。通过文献研究提炼出4个角度共23条障碍因素,并采用解释结构模型法,构建民营资本参与障碍因素的层次结构模型,得出障碍因素间的层级关系,并进一步提出促参建议。对于促进民营资本参与城市轨道交通PPP项目提供一定理论支持。     

盖挖逆作法施工地铁车站结构变形及其控制

以北京地铁4号线动物园车站施工工程为例,研究采用盖挖逆作法施工时地铁车站结构变形的规律及其控制措施。采用Midas有限元计算软件对施工过程中车站结构变形进行模拟分析可知,在盖挖逆作施工过程中地层及结构动态力学响应可划分为5个卸载—加载过程。因此,基于变位分配原理,提出车站施工过程的分阶段控制方法。施工前,依据车站结构受力特点和破坏形式,通过模拟计算确定出各主要施工阶段车站结构差异沉降控制标准值,同时通过中桩静载及内力试验,保证结构自身具备足够的承载能力和抗变形能力;施工过程中,按照地层协调开挖、结构协调施作来优化施工工序,综合应用沉桩工艺控制与注浆加固等技术措施,利用信息化监测及反馈技术进行阶段性动态监控,实现车站结构变形的有效控制。实际监测结果表明,动物园车站在盖挖逆作施工过程中,各阶段结构差异沉降均在控制值之内,保证了车站结构的安全性和稳定性。     

Development of distress condition index of asphalt pavements using LTPP data through structural equation modeling

Traditional pavement distress index such as the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) developed by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers determines coefficients of distresses based on subjective ratings. This study proposed an asphalt pavement distress condition index based on various types of distress data collected from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The SEM method treated the overall distress index as a latent variable while various distresses were treated as endogenous and other influence factors such as age, layer thickness, material type, weather, environment and traffic, were exogenous observed variables. The SEM method modeled the contributions of various distresses as well as the influence of other factors on the overall pavement distress condition. Influences of age, layer thickness, material type, environment and traffic on the latent distress condition were in accordance with previous studies. Compared with previous attempts to model latent pavement condition index utilizing SEM method, more pavement condition measurements and influencing factors were included. Specifically, this study adopted the robust maximum likelihood estimator (MLR) to estimate parameters for non-normally distributed data and derived the explicit expression of latent variables with intercepts. A multiple regression prediction model was built to calculate an overall condition index utilizing those measured distress data. The established pavement distress index prediction model provided a rational estimation of weighting coefficients for each distress type. The prediction model showed that alligator cracking, longitudinal cracking in wheel path, non-wheel path longitudinal cracking, transverse cracking, block cracking, edge cracking, patch and bleeding were significant for the latent pavement distress index.     

Comparison of road freight transport trends in Europe. Coupling and decoupling factors from an Input–Output structural decomposition analysis

Decoupling road freight transport from economic growth has been acknowledged by the European Union as a key means to improving sustainability. It is therefore important to identify both the coupling and decoupling drivers of road freight transport demand in order to determine possible factors that may contribute to reduce road transport in the future without curbing economic development. This research proposes an Input–Output (IO) structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to explain road freight transport in terms of a set of key factors that have strongly influenced road freight demand in recent decades in European countries—such as economic growth, economic structure and the evolution of road transport intensity (including improvements in both supply and transport systems). This methodological approach allows us to quantify and compare their contribution in different European countries to either increase or decrease road freight transport demand. The empirical basis for this analysis is a dataset of nine European countries which have IO tables and road transport data available from 2000 to 2007, comprising data on domestic production, imports and exports as well as tonne-kms for 11 types of commodity classes. The results show that, as a whole, aggregate road transport demand has grown—driven mainly by economic activity—but this growth has been strongly curbed in some countries by changes in road freight transport intensity and moderately by the dematerialization of the economy. International transport has been also proven to be a key factor driving road freight transport volumes. Moreover, the increased penetration of foreign operators in national haulage markets appears to have reinforced the final decoupling levels observed in some cases.     

2000吨川江油轮结构设计特点

本文介绍了2000吨川江及三峡库区油船标准船型结构设计的主要特点以及为降低船舶造价和营运成本所采取的措施。     

Modeling travel behavior by the structural relationships between lifestyle,built environment and non-working trips

In the context of sustainable urban transport in developing countries, individuals’ travel behavior faces multiple factors which influence their mobility patterns. Recognizing these factors could be a favorable method to organize more regular and sustainable trip patterns. This study aims to identify the less well-known lifestyle along with more popular built environment as the main factors which shape travel behaviors. Employing data from 900 respondents of 22 urban areas in city of Shiraz, Iran, this paper explores travel behaviors as non-working trip frequencies by different modes. Results of structural equation model indicate a strong significant effect of individual’s lifestyle patterns on their non-working trips. However, built environment impact on travel behavior is small compared to lifestyle. Besides, other variables such as travel attitudes and socio-economic factors stay crucial in the mode choice selection. These findings indicate the necessity of regarding lifestyle orientations in travel studies as well as objective factors such as land use attributes.     

国产化列车网络控制系统安全完整性等级评估与认证

在对国产化列车网络控制系统SIL认证核心工作进行分析的基础上,得出TCMS开发安全生命周期SIL过程活动评估的关键内容及其指标评估的具体方法.针对TCMS系统的安全要求及可容忍风险故障率的确定及分配进行了清晰的示意说明,对安全功能的时间故障数的计算方法进行了详细的例解分析.     

Winter problems on mountain passes – Implications for cost-benefit analysis

Cost-benefit analysis is a tool in government decision-making for determining the consequences of alternative uses of society’s scarce resources. Such a systematic process of comparing benefits and costs was adopted in early years for transportation projects and it has been the subject of much refining over the years. There are still some flaws, however, in the application of the method. In this article we have studied the impact of weather conditions on traffic speed on low traffic roads often exposed to adverse weather. This is an issue not currently considered in the cost-benefit analysis of road projects. By using two analytical approaches—structural equation modelling and classification and regression tree analysis—the impact of the weather indicators temperature, wind speed, and precipitation on traffic speed has been quantified. The data relates to three winter months on the European Route 6 road over the mountain pass Saltfjellet in Norway. Increase in wind speed, increase in precipitation and temperatures around freezing point all caused significant decrease in traffic speed in the case studied. If actions were taken to reduce the impact of adverse weather on traffic (e.g. by building a tunnel through the mountain) this study indicates that the road users would gain a total benefit of approximately 2,348,000 NOK (282,000 EUR) each winter at Saltfjellet if all the weather related benefits were included. We argue that this is a significant number that is highly relevant to include in CBAs. This applies both to the CBAs of new transportation projects as well as when resources are allocated for operation, maintenance, and monitoring of the existing transport systems. Including the weather related benefits would improve the application of CBA as a decision-making tool for policy makers.     

FSC系统在铁路安全控制中的应用

本文根据在“多机联控系统”开发中的实际应用，对Honeywell公司的FSC系统进行了介绍。着重讨论了FSC的安全性能及其在多机联控系统中的作用和硬件配置方式。认为FSC完全符合列车控制设备的安全需求。同时描述了FSC在多机联控系统中通信端口的设置及通信模式；组态软件的功能和程序组态的过程；系统的维护调试手段。根据使用的经验分析了FSC系统的优点和缺点。