Investigation of the effects of sleeper-passing impacts on the high-speed train

The sleeper-passing impact has always been considered negligible in normal conditions, while the experimental data obtained from a High-speed train in a cold weather expressed significant sleeper-passing impacts on the axle box, bogie frame and car body. Therefore, in this study, a vertical coupled vehicle/track dynamic model was developed to investigate the sleeper-passing impacts and its effects on the dynamic performance of the high-speed train. In the model, the dynamic model of vehicle is established with 10 degrees of freedom. The track model is formulated with two rails supported on the discrete supports through the finite element method. The contact forces between the wheel and rail are estimated using the non-linear Hertz contact theory. The parametric studies are conducted to analyse effects of both the vehicle speeds and the discrete support stiffness on the sleeper-passing impacts. The results show that the sleeper-passing impacts become extremely significant with the increased support stiffness of track, especially when the frequencies of sleeper-passing impacts approach to the resonance frequencies of wheel/track system. The damping of primary suspension can effectively lower the magnitude of impacts in the resonance speed ranges, but has little effect on other speed ranges. Finally, a more comprehensively coupled vehicle/track dynamic model integrating with a flexible wheel set is developed to discuss the sleeper-passing-induced flexible vibration of wheel set.     

内外温差对明挖隧道主体结构内力的影响研究

明挖隧道内外温差会使其衬砌结构产生附加应力,严重时会使隧道轴线方向的衬砌产生环向裂缝。通过对温度进行现场监测,获得工程实际内外温差,对其规律进行简要分析并将其作为有限元计算的温度边界条件;采用ANSYS进行有限元计算,考虑明挖隧道主体结构修建完成和回填完成两个阶段,对隧道内部温度低于外部温度、隧道内部温度高于外部温度以及无温差3种工况进行分析,得出温差对隧道结构应力的影响规律。     

Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.     

基于船舶轴系扭振的船用主机气缸动力输出平衡性分析

基于船用柴油机气缸动力输出平衡性评价的基础理论,对某船开展实船轴系扭振测试,在对轴系扭振时域波形图和扭振数据进行分析和计算的基础上,得出该船主机气缸动力输出不平衡变化曲线及相关结论,为进一步应用船舶轴系扭振进行船用柴油机气缸动力输出平衡性研究提供参考。     

地铁车站结构随机振动响应分析

基于地震反应的随机非确定性,运用基于概率统计方法的随机振动理论进行结构抗震分析,考察结构的动力可靠度,是一种合理的设计方法。运用虚拟激励法对青岛地铁五四广场站进行随机振动分析,避免了传统方法计算的冗繁,得到了具有统计意义的结构动力响应。考虑x向功率谱输入时,弯矩分布较为均匀;地铁结构体型变化较大的部位剪力明显增大;柱底剪力较小,边跨柱剪力小于中跨柱底剪力。考虑y向功率谱函数输入时,沿梁轴向剪力值逐渐增大,柱底剪力明显大于x向输入时的柱底剪力,边跨柱柱底剪力大于中跨柱底剪力。所得结论为地铁站这一复杂结构形式进行基于可靠度理论的设计提供了依据,可以作为同类设计的参考指导。     

Prioritization of failure risk in subsea flexible pipes via data envelopment analysis

Risk-based inspection is nowadays the predominant approach to structural integrity assurance in complex engineering systems, such as those designed for and operated in deepwater environments. One of the major tasks in risk-based planning is risk ranking of the components comprising an engineering system. In this paper, a mathematical model based on data envelopment analysis is developed for this purpose, whereby two types of weights are employed: subjective judgmental weights which are provided as input, and objective which constitute the output of the model. The use of the mathematical model is illustrated in a real world system of subsea flexible pipes, which operational in the south Atlantic Shelf off the Southeast Coast of Brazil.     

船体振动响应预报

利用有限元技术对船体总振动、上层建筑整体和各层甲板局部自由振动频率及上层建筑振动响应进行了预报。介绍了用于振动计算的单层甲板模型、尾部上层建筑模型、全船模型和简化全船模型及应用实例。研究了上层建筑和船体之间的耦合影响，并根据具体算例对各种模型化方法的效果进行了评价。     

Dynamics of the railway track and the underlying soil: the boundary-element solution, theoretical results and their experimental verification

A combined finite-element boundary-element method is presented in detail to calculate the dynamic interaction of the railway track and the underlying soil. A number of results are shown for ballasted and slab track, demonstrating the influence of the stiffness of the soil and the rail pads on the vertical compliance of the track. The compliance of the track is combined with a simple model of the vehicle giving the transfer function of vehicle-track interaction. An experimental verification of the theoretical results is achieved by harmonic and impulse excitation with and without static (train-) load and by combined measurements of train-track-soil interaction. A clear vehicle-track resonance is found for the slab track with elastic rail pads and for higher frequencies at highspeed traffic, the dynamic axle loads due to sleeper passage are reduced.     

大跨径人行桥人致振动舒适性研究

国内对大跨径人行桥人致振动舒适性研究较少，以某大跨径人行斜拉桥为例，采用强迫振动法和全桥连续行人流荷载模型，结合德国人行桥设计指南EN03(2007)，阐述了大跨径人行桥人致振动舒适性的评价过程，并采取了在桥上安装调频质量阻尼器(TMD)系统的减振措施设计。结果表明，通过减振措施，该桥的人致振动舒适性评价从“差”提高到了“最佳”。     

机车活塞式空气压缩机管道振动分析

针对目前机车活塞式空气压缩机工作时管道振动大、噪声大的现象,通过计算管系的结构固有频率、气柱固有频率和压力脉动,分析了管道振动的原因,提出了综合使用缓冲器减振、孔板减振和支撑结构等措施。