加筋板结构振动声强可视化研究

基于结构声强法研究了加筋板结构振动能量的传输、分布和耗散特性。首先介绍结构声强分量的计算和声强可视化的相关理论,以及系统功率输入和输出的计算公式。在数值算例中,利用有限元法对3种常见的加筋板模型进行了简谐集中力作用下的响应计算,然后通过编制Matlab程序计算结构声强分量,并进行结构噪声源的定位,实现能量传输和衰减的可视化。同时针对不同的加筋形式对能量传递路径的影响也进行了讨论。研究了不同加筋板阻尼器能量耗散特性。最后以舰船平台板架为例揭示了结构声强技术在舰船振动设计中的应用价值。     

城市轨道交通振动噪声监测智能预警装置研究

针对城市轨道交通运营线噪声投诉多的现状,振动噪声问题亟须向“预警主动防控”模式转化,开发振动噪声监测的智能预警装置迫在眉睫,通过此装置对敏感点位进行实时监测,掌握随着时间演变线路劣化状态。此装置包含：振动噪声状态监测模块、振动噪声预警模块、预警数据信息共享模块。振动噪声状态监测模块完成现状数据的采集,实时传送到服务器中,并将每个实时步序进行存储。然后通过振动噪声预警模块将测试数据和类似工程历史数据报表对比分析,实现振动噪声状态的评估,将临近的振动噪声超标的点位进行历史数据对比和模拟分析,对临近设定分级的阈值进行预警。预警启动后养护维修部门结合预警应对建议,调取异常监测系统相关数据和现场踏勘,采取相应的整治措施,最终实现轨道交通振动噪声投诉整治由“接诉被动补救”向“预警主动防控”模式的转型。     

循环气压缩机系统振动原因分析及消减措施

根据往复式压缩机系统运行的实际情况,通过定量计算,从理论上分析了压缩机系统产生振动的原因。通过采取针对性措施,包括对压缩机系统的工艺管线改造,增大循环气压缩机两列入口缓冲罐的直径、增加进气缓冲罐内附件、增加消振孔板、改造集气管和优化操作等措施,改善了机组及管系的振动状况,取得了较明显的减振效果,确保了机组的长期平稳运行。同时,随着振动降低,负荷提高,装置产量得到大幅提高,取得较显著的经济效益。     

Which factors lead to driving errors? A structural equation model analysis through a driving simulator experiment

As driving error is a main contributory factor of road accidents, its causes and consequences are of great interest in the road safety decision making process. This paper investigates several factors (including driver distraction, driver characteristics and road environment) that affect overall driving error behaviour and estimates a new unobserved variable which underlines driving errors. This estimation is performed with data obtained from a driving simulation experiment in which 95 participants covering all ages were asked to drive under different types of distraction (no distraction, conversation with passenger, cell phone use) in rural and urban road environment, as well as in both low and high traffic conditions. Driving error was then modeled as a latent variable based on several individual driving simulator parameters. Subsequently, the impact of several risk factors such as distraction, driver characteristics as well as road environment on driving error were estimated directly. The results of this complex model reveal that the impact of driver characteristics and area type are the only statistically significant factors affecting the probability of driving errors. Interestingly, neither conversing with a passenger nor talking on the cell phone have a statistically significant impact on driving error behaviour which highlights the importance of the present analysis and more specifically the development of a measure that represents overall driving error behaviour instead of individual driving errors variables.     

Highway Tunnel Blasting Vibrations and Cracking of Adjacent Residential Houses北大核心CSCD

A systematic analysis and discussion of the causes of house cracking are conducted by testing the blast vibration velocity of typical neighboring houses, analyzing the types of house cracking, monitoring the characteris-tics of house cracks and calculating the temperature stress at the roof and wall based on an assessment of highway tunnel blasting vibrations leading to cracking of neighboring houses. The results show that the main cause of house cracking adjacent to the tunnel is temperature stress, not blasting vibration. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

中国首批大型LNG船振动问题及解决方案研究

阐述我国首批大型液化天然气（Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG）船（1.47×105 m3）艉部局部振动问题产生的原因及解决方案。通过在船体机舱线型区域加装涡流发生器等附加装置,改善流经螺旋桨的流场并降低螺旋桨激振力,从而大幅度改善艉部的局部振动。对于新造船的振动问题,选择正确的研究方案是成功解决问题的第一步,但受时间、成本等客观条件的限制,在研究技术方案时可供选择的手段往往不多,采用水下摄像观测、传感器信息采集和计算流体力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD）模拟分析等技术手段可大幅提高方案制订的效率和准确性。通过剖析LNG船安装、优化涡流发生器解决振动问题的案例,为相关问题及其解决方案的研究提供可借鉴的方法和经验。     

船舶紧急制动新方法

本文基于增加船体或附体阻力进行紧急停船的方式,提出一种将船舶艉封板处艉封板落入水中的新型船舶紧急制动方法。本文基于STAR-CCM+,运用平均雷诺数方程和Realizable k-ε湍流模型,对船舶采用提出的制动方法制动时的阻力进行预报。并与传统的制动方法预报阻力进行比较发现,本文提出的新型船舶制动方法合理、有效,并具有较强的工程研究意义。     

30万吨FPSO生活楼设计过程中的振动控制

基于某30万吨FPSO规格书对生活楼舒适性高要求下的生活楼设计方案进行更改,使用有限元法分析生活楼设计方案变化对其振动特性的影响。对新FPSO生活楼设计方案的固有特性和其在柴油机输出激振力作用下的振动响应进行计算,将计算结果与原方案进行对比,并依据振动控制要求为该FPSO柴油机选型提出参考建议。     

液压振动锤与冲击锤组合施工工艺在AZ型钢板桩打设中的应用

针对AZ型钢板桩打设困难问题,以某人工岛钢板桩直立护岸工程为例,进行主要设备选型、桩头受力分析和桩帽替打结构设计,采用液压振动锤与冲击锤组合打设的施工工艺,解决了液压振动锤打设超过20 m后贯入力不足和液压冲击锤打设易破坏桩头的难题,取得了良好的施工效果,具有一定的推广意义。     

开孔围壳流激振动特性的试验与数值计算研究

对围壳模型进行试验与数值模拟,分析开孔对围壳流激振动特性的影响.首先进行无动力自由上浮试验,在试验中测得了一系列的振动加速度线谱,然后建立与试验相同的数值计算模型,采用大涡模拟法对围壳附近的流场进行了精细的模拟,并将流场的压力作为载荷,运用FEM/BEM结合的方法计算了围壳的流激振动.仿真结果表明,该方法可以清晰的模拟流激围壳振动现象,围壳开孔后会引起流场周期性振荡,从而激励结构振动,产生振动加速度线谱,数值方法计算的振动线谱频率和试验结果接近,平均误差为1.41%.流激开孔围壳振动集中在开孔的导边与随边,尤其是孔腔随边,对这些区域采取控制措施是下一步研究目标.