混合动力客车超级电容系统振动失效研究

对某款混合动力客车失效超级电容模组与模组安装位置之间的关系进行研究,针对模组失效原因提出改进建议。     

斜拉索涡激振动的被动自吸吹气流动控制

圆形斜拉索长细比大、阻尼及刚度小，因而其经常发生风致振动，尤其是涡激振动。涡激振动是一种限幅振动，其发生风速较低，因而斜拉索经常发生涡激振动现象，为此提出一种被动自吸吹气流动控制措施来抑制斜拉索涡激振动。通过节段模型气弹试验得到，被动吸吹气控制方法在套环间距适当下使得斜拉索涡激振动区间变窄，甚至可以完全抑制其发生涡激振动。通过分析斜拉索节段模型表面压力分布，得到被动自吸吹气能大幅度降低压力脉动值和脉动风荷载；且模型背风面的平均压力值的平台区也有所提升，表明平均阻力也有所减小。频谱分析表明：此控制方法改变了旋涡脱落模式及脱落强度。最后由尾流速度剖面可得，被动吸吹气流动控制方法缩小了模型尾流区宽度，尾流中的速度脉动也极大降低。折算风速为5.99时，对尾流速度时程做频谱分析可得，吸吹气控制方法能抑制住无控圆柱模型尾流中周期性交替脱落的旋涡。套环控制方法应用于三维柔性索性索模型上，能极大地降低柔性斜拉索的前三阶涡激振动幅值，同时发现套环间距越小，控制效果越强。     

On the interest of integrating vehicle dynamics for the ground propagation of vibrations: the case of urban railway traffic

This paper presents a complete numerical model for studying the vertical dynamics of the vehicle/track interaction and its impact on the surrounding soil, with the emphasis on vehicle modelling. A decoupling between the track and the soil is proposed, due to the difficulty of considering all the subsystem components. The train/track model is based on a multibody model (for the vehicle) and a finite element model (for the track). The soil is modelled using an infinite/finite element approach. Simulations of both models are carried out in the time domain, which is better able to simulate the propagation of the vibration waves and to take into account the possible nonlinearity of a component. The methodology is applied in the case of an urban tram track and validated with the available experimental data. Models for the tram, the track and the soil are described. Results from the complete model of the vehicle and a simple model, based on an axle load, are compared with experimental results and the benefits of a complete model in the simulation of the ground vibration propagation induced by railway vehicles are demonstrated. Moreover, a parametric study of the vehicle wheel type is conducted, which shows the advantage of a resilient wheel, for various rail defects.     

Influence of tyre–road contact model on vehicle vibration response

The influence of the tyre–road contact model on the simulated vertical vibration response was analysed. Three contact models were compared: tyre–road point contact model, moving averaged profile and tyre-enveloping model. In total, 1600 real asphalt concrete and Portland cement concrete longitudinal road profiles were processed. The linear planar model of automobile with 12 degrees of freedom (DOF) was used. Five vibration responses as the measures of ride comfort, ride safety and dynamic load of cargo were investigated. The results were calculated as a function of vibration response, vehicle velocity, road quality and road surface type. The marked differences in the dynamic tyre forces and the negligible differences in the ride comfort quantities were observed among the tyre–road contact models. The seat acceleration response for three contact models and 331 DOF multibody model of the truck semi-trailer was compared with the measured response for a known profile of test section.     

跨座式单轨交通系统耦合振动特性

将列车的每节车厢简化为15自由度的动力系统,由拉格朗日方程导出其振动微分方程,将轨道梁简化为欧拉梁,基于能量法和车辆与轨道梁位移协调条件,建立了车辆和轨道梁耦合运动控制方程,研究了跨座式单轨交通轨道梁的动力特性。计算了列车以不同车速通过时轨道梁的动力响应,并比较了计算结果与实测结果。比较结果表明:理论计算结果与实测结果基本吻合,车速对轨道梁挠度的影响较小,但对加速度影响较大,加速度随车速增大而增大,在40~50 km.h-1处出现最大值,之后随车速增大反而减小;轮胎模型与轨道表面不平度功率谱密度函数对轨道梁横向响应计算结果影响较大,使计算误差增大。     

柴油机轴系扭振振幅异常分析与故障处理

通过对R16V280ZJ柴油机试验台轴系的扭振计算和实测对比,分析试验台位轴系扭振产生振幅异常的原因,从而有效实现故障排除。     

复合材料锥柱结合壳非线性稳定性特性

根据稳定性分析的前屈曲完全理论和修正型的Hahn－Tsai非线性本构关系，利用有限元位移法，对复合材料锥柱结合壳进行了考虑材料非线性弹性性能的总体稳定性分析，考察了复合材料的横向和剪切非线性对结构总体稳定性的影响．     

列车对周围地面及建筑物振动影响的试验研究

通过铁路桥梁和铁路线路附近的两次现场试验,研究列车对周围地面和邻近建筑物的振动影响。实验结果表明,无论是作为桥墩的点振源,还是作为线路的线振源,铁路附近地面环境和建筑物地板的振动均随列车速度的提高而增大,随距线路的距离增加而减小,但在距线路一定的距离存在着一个振动放大区。对于多层建筑物,较高楼层的振动大,轴重大的列车引起的振动较大;实测铁路附近的楼房地板振动很大,已经超过了我国环境振动控制标准的规定。     

Computational model of conventional engine mounts for commercial vehicles: validation and application

In this paper, a computational model of conventional engine mounts for commercial vehicles comprising elastic, viscous and friction functional components, which expresses the nonlinear behaviour of the dynamic stiffness and damping of mounts as functions of both frequency and amplitude of excitation, is developed. Optimisation approach is implemented to identify model parameters using measurement data. The developed model has been validated against measurement data for harmonic excitations with a frequency range of 5–100 Hz and an amplitude range of 0.025–2 mm employing three different engine mounts used in heavy trucks. The model shows good and admissible agreement with measurement data keeping the tolerance of estimation below 11%. Simulations of engine vibration dynamics are presented with both proposed model and commonly applied Kelvin–Voigt model of the mounts. The developed model can be used in complete vehicle advanced dynamic analyses and also in the design of semi-active and active engine mounting systems for commercial vehicles.     

水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石混合料成型新技术

通过对水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石振动成型技术的分析,结合现场底基层、基层路面施工的实际,较好解决了公路底基层、基层施工中压实度超百、出现裂缝等难题,起到节省成本、提高经济效益的效果。