供应链环境下的合作伙伴选择问题研究

在供应链的环境下,合作是供应链管理的重点,也是集成化供应链管理的核心问题。这种合作关系有助于解决企业的很多问题。如何选择合作伙伴就成了一个很重要的问题。本文分析了供应链环境下的合作伙伴选择的目的、影响因数、评价体系、评价方法等方面,以及供应链环境下的合作伙伴选择的一般步骤。     

小议供应链管理中的"推式"与"拉式"

在供应链管理环境下,供应链的运作存在着“推式”管理和“拉式”管理两种方式,推与拉并不是单独存在于一条供应链,而是根据产品的市场需求特点结合运用于—条完整的供应链之上,以实现低成本和快速响应客户需求的目的。     

可调式自由面减摇水舱的实船性能

通过对海洋工程船“新润3” 号的实船测试,获得了减摇水舱开启和关闭两种状态下的船舶横摇数据,比较准确地评估了不同海况下可调式自由面减摇水舱的减摇效果。进一步将实测减摇数据与理论预报结果对比,验证了理论预报方法的有效性和局限性。研究表明,减摇水舱的性能不仅仅取决于自由液面的面积大小和水位高低,也同样受制于舱顶的高度,有必要在设计和预报过程中予以充分考虑。     

直流牵引回流系统钢轨电位的理论分析

通过建立直流牵引回流钢轨电位的等效模型,分析其基本特征及影响因素,某一点的钢轨电位呈现明显的交变特性。合理设置直流牵引供电系统网络参数和优化列车运行图以调整列车电流的时空分布,是控制钢轨电位的有效措施。结合现行规范分析钢轨电位设计标准在执行中的困惑,提出钢轨电位的评价应以确保电压作用人体安全为基本出发点,体现电压幅值及其时间持续效应,不应仅规定峰值电压。     

探讨构筑铁路运输产业链促进铁路物流化发展

分析了铁路运输企业的现状与现代物流发展的形势要求,提出铁路物流化发展目标应是积极采用先进的物流管理技术和装备,拓展铁路物流化结点功能,同时加强与地方经济的联系,有效融入城市物流体系,形成一条铁路服务地方经济的运输产业链,并探讨了构筑铁路运输产业链的对策与建议。     

Towards a global CO2 calculation standard for supply chains: Suggestions for methodological improvements

Improving the efficiency and sustainability of supply chains is a shared aim of the transport industry, its customers, governments as well as industry organisations. To optimize supply chains and for the identification of best practice, standards for their analysis are needed in order to achieve comparable evaluations. This need for an evaluation standard also applies to CO₂ emission calculations. This research focuses on the transportation within supply chains and possible approaches towards a global standard for calculating its CO₂ emissions. In the recent past, several organisations, national and international, have come forward with possible methods, tools and databases for the calculation of CO₂ emissions along supply chains, but almost all of them do not cover the entire transportation chain. Also standards for CO₂ emissions of products and production in general do exist but they do not take the particular requirements of transportation into consideration. Therefore a global standard specifically for transportation could not yet be introduced. The EN 16258 standard is the only international standard for emission calculation of transportation in supply chains. It was therefore analyzed as a possible starting point for a global standardization approach. Analysis shows it too contains gaps and ambiguities which render comparisons of supply chains difficult. These gaps of the EN 16258 are analyzed, followed by suggestions for methodological improvements for their closure. The research concludes with an outlook on next steps needed towards a global CO₂ calculation standard for transportation within supply chains.     

构建造船供应链,增强造船企业竞争力的探讨

供应链管理为造船企业提供了新的管理思想与方法。本文分析了造船供应链的结构与特点,根据现代造船企业自身的特点,提出了造船供应链管理的要点,为造船企业提高管理水平和国际竞争力提供参考。     

A ‘Less-flexibility-first’ Heuristic for the Placement of Inland Vessels in a Lock

Abstract

Inland vessels move goods along waterways (canals and rivers) and they visit ports. Because of their tidal nature, vessels make use of locks to enter ports or waterways. From a port management point of view, fast access to and from the port and high utilization of locks are important objectives. Where the former relates to low inbound and outbound waiting times, the latter relates to the placement of as many vessels as possible in the lock before its operation. This article includes a case study that relates to the operation of the Van Cauwelaert lock in the port of Antwerp, Belgium. Lock operation policy is as follows: vessels wait in front of the lock for a port administrator to assign places in the lock based on knowledge of the vessels’ dimensions. As such, there is no FIFO-discipline, but a ‘group-FIFO’-discipline, i.e. if n vessels are allowed into the lock, they are the first n vessels in the arrival queue. A heuristic algorithm is formulated for the placement of vessels in the lock. This algorithm supports the decision where to place the vessel in the lock, aiming to place as many vessels as possible from the arrival queue. At the same time, it supports the decision to start a locking operation or not, based on information about vessels that are announced but which have not yet arrived at the lock's entrance. The heuristic is called a ‘less-flexibility-first’-heuristic as it looks for pseudo-placements, showing which flexibility is left for the remaining vessels after placing a vessel. This article describes the implementation of the heuristic and provides numerical examples. A comparison is made between the heuristic results and daily practice, based on real-life vessel movements through the Van Cauwelaert lock in 2002.     

道岔电加热融雪装置供电电源的设置及施工探讨

为确保铁路运输安全,道岔融雪装置起到了重要作用。尤其是在我国北方、西北高寒地区的大雪天气以及南方部分地区冻雨天气时,道岔融雪装置的作用尤其突出。介绍道岔电加热融雪装置供电电源的组成及工作原理,结合工程实际,阐述施工过程及施工中应注意的事项。     

第三方汽车物流企业的信息化建设

引言进入21世纪以来,我国已经逐步成为汽车生产和消费大国。丰田、大众及通用等国际汽车巨头纷纷落户中国,国内汽车厂家也都加快发展步伐,中国的汽车产业已经进入了竞争空前激烈的时代。在这场没有硝烟的战争中,降低成本和快速响应市场需求变化成为取得胜利的重要条件。因此,作