活性炭氧化改性及氯化氰消除的应用研究

本文选用硝酸为氧化剂对活性炭进行了处理,考察了硝酸浓度和处理时间对活性炭表面化学性质的影响,通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射仪对改性活性炭进行了表征,考察了以改性活性炭为载体制备炭催化剂对氯化氰的消除性能。结果表明,硝酸浓度和处理时间是影响活性炭表面化学性质的重要因素,低浓度硝酸氧化改性提高了活性炭的表面亲水性而对活性炭的结构没有明显影响,制备的炭催化剂对氯化氰防护时间明显增长。当硝酸浓度为8%,处理时间5h～8h消除氯化氰效果最好。     

Hydrography, currents and distribution of suspended matter during a dumping experiment in the western Baltic Sea at a site near Warnemünde

During a dumping experiment on 20/21 June 2001, an extensive data record was collected to understand the dynamical processes in the water column of the investigation area and to validate model results. Weak westerly winds with strongly changing cloud coverage characterized the meteorological situation. During the second day the wind calmed down and moved shortly to easterly directions. The water column was characterized by a strong vertical stratification with discontinuity layers in temperature and salinity in 12 and 16 m. The current regime was dominated by outflow at the water surface and inflow along the German coast, with strong current shearing in the dumping area. The suspended matter clouds could be identified by optical methods and ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) scattering intensity. During the experiment the suspended matter plumes were only visible at the surface up to 1 h after the dumping. The aerial photographs document that the particle clouds at the surface drifted to the west and, after approximately 40 min, they were only weakly visible. The fine material was concentrated in the discontinuity layer leading to substantially higher values of optical parameters and suspended matter concentration than measured in the surface clouds. Due to the vertical current shears the material was transported in the water column in different directions. At the first day the maximum of the suspended matter in the discontinuity layer was in the north-western corner and in the bottom layer in the northeast corner of the dumping area. Strong wind conditions after the dumping led to periodical resuspension processes.     

Wave energy assessments in the Black Sea

The present work aims to evaluate the wave energy resources in the Black Sea basin. The study is focused on the western part of the sea, which is traditionally considered as being more energetic. In order to give a first perspective of the wave climate, a medium-term wave analysis was carried out using in situ measured data. As a further step, a wave prediction system was implemented for the Black Sea. This was based on the simulating waves near-shore model, which is used for both wave generation and near-shore transformation. This methodology has the advantage that a single model covers the full scale of the modelling process. Various tests were performed considering data measured at three different locations. Special attention was paid to the whitecapping process, which is still widely considered to be the weak link in deep water wave modelling. Comparisons carried out against measured data show that the wave prediction system generally provides reliable results, especially in terms of significant wave heights and mean periods. By increasing the resolution in geographical space, the field distributions of wave energy were analysed for both high and average wave conditions. The analysis and the wave prediction system developed are a prerequisite for further investigations extended in time and with increased resolution in the near-shore direction.     

船舶艉轴承动态工况润滑特性分析

将平均流量Reynolds方程与G-T接触理论相结合,建立了船舶在动态工况下综合考虑轴系艉轴承的载荷、转速变化及表面粗糙度影响的混合润滑与接触问题的数学模型.通过编写相应的数值求解程序,分析了启动和变工况运行两个动态过程对艉轴承的润滑油膜压力、油膜厚度及表面粗糙峰承载量等润滑参数的影响.该方法能够准确而快捷地对各种船舶艉轴承的润滑性能做出预测和评估,从而对艉轴承的设计与失效分析提供一种有效的途径.     

钢筋混凝土简支梁桥梁体病害分析及维修方法

随着经济的发展、综合国力增强,交通事业日新越益发展,桥梁建设取得了长足的进步,为我国的各项事业的发展提供了坚强的基础,但随之而来的桥梁病害问题也日益严重,针对上述情况,本文将对钢筋混凝土简支梁桥梁体的常见病害进行归纳和总结,并提出一定的维修措施,以便能够减轻同类病害的发生,为今后的公路事业发展提供参考依据.     

车辆噪声与城市道路路面平整度关系的试验研究

主要研究了城市道路平整度可能对机动车辆噪声级产生的影响。采用IRI作为道路平整度的计量单位,并在上海的一些城市道路上组织了沥青路面和水泥路面两类试验。首先,在满足试验条件的道路上进行平整度的量测;其次,在试验道路的测点上采集车辆以特定速度驶过的最大噪声级。通过对试验数据的分析,发现车辆以相同速度行驶在平整度不同的城市道路上时,其噪声级是不同的,而且随着平整度指数的增加,机动车辆噪声级也呈上升趋势,因此城市道路平整度确实会对机动车辆噪声级产生影响。在20~50 km/h速度范围内,对于平整度相同的水泥路面和沥青路面,前者的车辆匀速行驶噪声要高于后者。     

SBS改性沥青砼路面的质量控制方法

文章结合陕西省西安-汉中高速公路施工实践,介绍了SBS改性沥青混凝土路面上面层质量控制方法及关键环节,提出施工中应注意的事项,为同类工程施工提供参考。     

轮轨滚动噪声激扰模型研究

为解决轮轨高频非线性接触问题和预测轮轨滚动噪声,需研究轮轨表面粗糙度的时域模型。在基于线性化理论的轮轨表面粗糙度频域表示方法的基础上,为满足轮轨非线性接触的要求,采用时频转换的方法建立轮轨表面粗糙度时域输入模型,并以Sato轮轨表面粗糙度谱为例,运用所建立的轮轨噪声预测模型及开发的轮轨噪声预测分析软件对轮轨滚动噪声辐射进行了仿真计算,将得到的轮轨滚动噪声频谱特征及其时域特点与工程实际监测结果进行对比分析,证明模型是可靠的。     

煤矸石地层隧道塌方处理技术

在煤矸石隧道中出现塌方时,要通过地表注浆加固和隧道内长大管棚注浆,来达到内外兼治的目的;再配合超前小导管注浆,重新开挖隧道塌体,对隧道塌方进行综合治理,以保证施工及运营安全。文章结合吉林省某隧道处理塌方的工程实践,着重论述了不同岩体条件下的注浆技术及塌方体内大管棚安装技术,可为类似地质条件下的施工提供借鉴和参考。