5羟色胺受体可塑性在大鼠肠易激综合征中的作用

目的探讨5羟色胺(5-HT)以及5-HT3、5-HT4受体可塑性在肠易激综合征(IBS)不同亚型发病中的作用。方法成年雄性SD大鼠27只,随机分为IBS合并腹泻组(IBS-D)I、BS合并便秘组(IBS-C)和空白对照组。分别采用乙酸灌肠、冰水灌胃的方法制备IBS-D和IBS-C大鼠模型。用5-HT以及5-HT3、5-HT4受体抗体的免疫组化方法检测各组大鼠肌间神经丛的5-HT及其受体数量的变化。结果①大鼠肌间神经丛5-HT阳性肠神经元数目IBS-D组(4.37±0.88)显著高于对照组(2.99±0.41,P<0.01),而IBS-C组(3.04±0.35)和对照组相比无差异(P>0.05);②大鼠肌间神经丛5-HT3受体免疫组化染色的灰度值各组间差异无统计学意义(F=0.082,P=0.922);③大鼠肌间神经丛5-TH4受体免疫组化染色的灰度值IBS-D组(141.98±6.96)显著低于对照组(159.90±2.55,P<0.01),而IBS-C组(155.62±2.03)与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论大鼠肠肌间神经元内的5-HT含量及5-HT4受体数量的显著增多可能与IBS-D大鼠的发病相关。     

IPv4/IPv6协议隧道机制的研究与应用

本文主要是分析IPv6协议的特点,研究IPv4/IPv6协议过渡转换机制,通过sniffer软件对IPv6数据报进行抓报测试分析,结合IPSec模拟实践6to4隧道机制.并利用VC++Socket编程在应用层上实现从IPv4到IPv6协议的平滑过渡,同时实现IPv6协议中内置的扩展报头AH和ESP,从而增强IP网络层的安全性.最后,通过使用基于代理的隧道机制系统连入IPv6网络世界,即可访问IPv6网络世界,享受IPv6网络服务.     

四阶段模型对精明增长模拟的探讨

同交通有关的精明增长措施集中体现在减少小汽车出行、鼓励非机动车出行、混合土地使用以及大力发展公共交通等方面。传统的四阶段模型主要用于宏观的长期交通预测,在模拟精明增长策略方面存在许多缺陷。为了解决这个问题,必须从三个层次上进行改进：短期内,维持现有的宏观模型框架不变,对其内部涉及的假设、变量和模拟过程进行改进;中期通过微观分析得到同精明增长有关的4D弹性系数对传统交通模型结果进行调整;从长远考虑,应构建对精明增长敏感的同土地利用相结合的新交通模型。交通数据来源和模型方法研究是制约模型改进进程的主要因素。传统的四阶段模型在模拟精明增长方面有许多问题,应当进行全面的改进,但是必须循序渐进,逐步完善。     

基于云模型的我国VTS绩效评价研究

研究我国VTS绩效评价问题,基于"4E"(经济性、效率性、有效性、公平性)理论,建立了完整的VTS绩效评价体系,并基于云模型对我国VTS绩效进行评价。评价结果显示:我国VTS在增加交通流和提升海事部门社会形象方面发挥很大作用;VTS的内部组织效率要明显高于外部监管服务的效率;VTS绩效中效率性、效果性和公平性指标评价结果要明显好于经济性指标;在云模型的应用过程中,定性指标比定量指标具有更大的随机性和模糊性。评价结果证明VTS绩效评价指标体系和云模型是有效的。     

Research Progress of Interfacial Chemism of High Efficiency Organic Grinding Fluid for Si3N4 Ceramics

IntroductionGrinding is a most important machiningmethod for Si3N4ceramics. There is much re-searche on the grinding fluid acting as one of keyconditions in grinding, but rare on the applicationin engineering ceramics machining, especially Si3N4ceramics. Utilizing interfacial chemistry reactionmembrane can reduce friction coefficiem, and soft-en surface layer can improve the grinding efficiencyof Si3N4ceramics, which is a bran-new research di-rection. Because that the friction coefficient b…     

两自由度系统的自由振动实验

汽车行驶过程中会因为地面不平引起的冲击载荷、发动机工作的振动等原因而产生振动,当汽车振动的频率与车身固有频率相接近时,车身会产生很大的垂向加速度,不仅会使驾乘人员感到不适,还会造成车身结构的损坏。因此,对于汽车振动模型的研究就显得尤其重要。以搭建的两自由度系统的试验模型为研究对象,求得其在不同初始条件下实验的自由振动响应,来验证理论求解模型的正确性,为汽车平顺性的改善提供理论依据。     

The potential health,financial and environmental impacts of dieselgate in Ireland

ABSTRACT

The transportation sector is the greatest contributor to air pollution. With the booming demand for transportation, reducing the pollution has become one of the main concerns of researchers. EPA emission standards are designed to protect air quality and human health. Diesel Euro 5 NO_x has become a matter of disquiet since it has been found that NO_x emissions are significantly exceeding the standard limit. This paper presents a study to estimate the disparity in real-world NO_x emission levels resulted from all diesel Euro 5 passenger cars (PC) and light commercial vehicles (LCV) that are present in Ireland. NO_x emission levels calculated based on laboratory test results, on-road measurements and the COPERT 4 model were compared. Additionally, NO_x emission levels from the defective Volkswagen models have been calculated to quantify the effect of the Volkswagen scandal on Ireland. Impacts of excess NO_x emissions on health and cost have also been presented.     

A constraint programming model with time uncertainty for cooperative flight departures

The lack of a proper integration of strategic Air Traffic Management decision support tools with tactical Air Traffic Control interventions usually generates a negative impact on the Reference Business Trajectory adherence, and in consequence affects the potential of the Trajectory-Based Operations framework. In this paper, a new mechanism relaying on Reference Business Trajectories as a source of data to reduce the amount of Air Traffic Controller interventions at the tactical level while preserving Air Traffic Flow Management planned operations is presented. Artificial Intelligence can enable Constraint Programming as it is a powerful paradigm for solving complex, combinatorial search problems. The proposed methodology takes advantage of Constraint Programming and fosters adherence of Airspace User’s trajectory preferences by identifying tight interdependencies between trajectories and introducing a new mechanism to improve the aircraft separation at concurrence events considering time uncertainty. The underlying philosophy is to capitalize present degrees of freedom between layered Air Traffic Management planning tools, when sequencing departures at the airports by considering the benefits of small time stamp changes in the assigned Calculated Take-Off Time departures and to enhance Trajectory-Based Operations concepts.     

Coordinated multi-aircraft 4D trajectories planning considering buffer safety distance and fuel consumption optimization via pure-strategy game

In this paper, we consider a coordinated multi-aircraft 4D (3D space plus time) trajectories planning problem which is illustrated by planning 4D trajectories for aircraft traversing an Air Traffic Control (ATC) sector. The planned 4D trajectories need to specify each aircraft’s position at any time, ensuring conflict-free and reducing fuel and delay costs, with possible aircraft maneuvers such as speed adjustment and flight level change. Different from most existing literature, the impact of buffer safety distance is also under consideration, and conflict-free is guaranteed at any given time (not only at discrete time instances). The problem is formulated as a pure-strategy game with aircraft as players and all possible 4D trajectories as strategies. An efficient maximum improvement distributed algorithm is developed to find equilibrium at which every aircraft cannot unilaterally improve further, without enumerating all possible 4D trajectories in advance. Proof of existence of the equilibrium and convergence of the algorithm are given. A case study based on real air traffic data shows that the algorithm is able to solve 4D trajectories for online application with estimated 16.7% reduction in monetary costs, and allocate abundant buffer safety distance at minimum separation point. Scalability of the algorithm is verified by computational experiments.     

RCrO4(R=Er,Tm)的电子结构和半金属铁磁性

用第一性原理研究了RCrO4(R=Er和Tm)氧化物的电子能带结构和半金属铁磁性,发现锆石相的RCrO4是优质的半金属铁磁材料,具有达到0.35eV的半金属能隙。为了研究磁相互作用的机制,采用密度泛函理论和广义梯度近似计算电子能带结构、态密度和自发磁矩,发现其磁性来源于R的f轨道电子、Cr的d轨道电子和O的p轨道电子的自旋极化。穿过费米能级的能带主要来源于R(4f)-O(2p)-Cr(3d)的杂化能级,并对磁性和电子输运性质起着关键作用。