杭州湾跨海大桥高墩区引桥箱梁设计

杭州湾跨海大桥高墩区引桥是连接航道桥和低墩区引桥的桥梁,按其所处位置分为4段,分别是南航道桥南、北引桥和北航道桥南、北引桥,均采用70 m整孔预制吊装的预应力混凝土连续箱梁结构。     

杭州湾跨海大桥水中低墩区钢管桩设计

结合杭州湾跨海大桥水中低墩区自然环境条件,对该区域桥梁钢管桩设计思路做了较详细的说明,包括从钢管桩设计方案的选择到钢管桩细部构造的设计思路,结构受力的理论计算,施工、制造工艺水平等方面。     

杭州湾大桥南岸超长栈桥钢管桩水平极限承载力分析

杭州湾大桥南岸超长栈桥钢管桩基础的水平承载力，是保障栈桥结构安全的关键因素之一。栈桥桥住处的风、浪、潮、冲刷等恶劣环境因素的不确定性，给栈桥的设计与施工带来了严峻的挑战。通过研究栈桥钢管桩基础的物理边界条件，探讨了水平极限承载力的判定准则，同时应用非线性桩土相互作用计算模型，进行了桩基水平承载力分析，从而评价了栈桥结构安全度。     

Circulation on the Armorican shelf (Bay of Biscay) in autumn

Three drifters drogued at 65 m were launched on a transect on the Armorican shelf of the Bay of Biscay for 4 years. The experiments were conducted in autumn. They revealed a north-westward, poleward current over the 100 m isobath and a very weak eastward current over depths comprised between 120 and 150 m. A model was used to assess the role of residual tidal currents and wind-induced circulation. The results show that the former are quite weak and the latter do not explain the average velocity of over 10 cm s^− 1. It is thought that this current is mainly driven by the density gradient induced by the breakdown of stratification. Hydrological data and satellite images from the period are discussed, in the light of this hypothesis.     

Seasonality of picophytoplankton chlorophyll a and biomass in the central Cantabrian Sea, southern Bay of Biscay

Seasonal changes in the abundance and biomass of cyanobacteria (Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus) and picoeukaryotes were studied by flow cytometry in the upper layers of the central Cantabrian Sea continental shelf, from April 2002 to April 2006. The study area displayed the typical hydrographic conditions of temperate coastal zones. A marked seasonality of the relative contribution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes was found. While cyanobacteria were generally more abundant for most of the year (up to 2.4 10⁵ cells mL^− 1), picoeukaryotes dominated the community (up to 10⁴ cells mL^− 1) from February to May. The disappearance of Prochlorococcus from spring through summer is likely related to shifts in the prevailing current regime. The maximum total abundance of picophytoplankton was consistently found in late summer–early autumn. Mean photic-layer picoplanktonic chlorophyll a ranged from 0.06 to 0.53 µg L^− 1 with a relatively high mean contribution to total values (33 ± 2% SE), showing maxima around autumn and minima in spring. Biomass (range 0.58–40.16 mg C m^− 3) was generally dominated by picoeukaryotes (mean ± SE, 4.28 ± 0.27 mg C m^− 3) with an average contribution of cyanobacteria of 30 ± 2%. Different seasonality of pigment and biomass values resulted in a clear temporal pattern of picophytoplanktonic carbon to chlorophyll a ratio, which ranged from 10 (winter) to 140 (summer). This study highlights the important contribution of picoplanktonic chlorophyll a and carbon biomass in this coastal ecosystem.     

Benthic community and food web structure on the continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay (North Eastern Atlantic) revealed by stable isotopes analysis

The North Bay of Biscay continental shelf is a major French demersal fishery, but little was known on the trophic food web of its benthic communities. In order to determine the benthic trophic web, the objectives of this study are to describe the macro- and megafaunal benthic community structure (species richness, abundance and biomass) and to establish the trophic pathways (food sources and trophic levels) by applying carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analysis to the main benthic and demersal species (invertebrates and fish). Two distinct benthic communities have been identified: a muddy sand community within the central part of the bay, and an outer Bay of Biscay Ditrupa sand community of higher species richness, abundance and biomass than the muddy sand community. Deposit-feeders, suspension feeders and predators, distributed in three main trophic levels, dominate both communities. Large differences in stable carbon ratio values within the primary consumers provide evidence of two different food sources: i) a pelagic food source made up of recent sedimenting particulate organic matter on which zooplankton and suprabenthos feed and ii) a benthic detrital food source supplying deposit feeders and partly benthic suspension feeders. Differences in isotopic signatures were also observed within the upper trophic levels that allowed estimation of the contribution of each food source component to the diet of the upper consumers. Finally, the use of stable isotopic composition together with the species' feeding strategy allow identification of the main differences between the trophic functioning of the two benthic communities and highlight the importance of the role of detrital pathways in the carbon cycling within the continental shelf benthic trophic web.     

泰州长江公路大桥深水沉井基础定位下沉与控制技术研究

为解决泰州长江公路大桥在复杂条件下深水沉井定位难、摆动大等难题,以该桥中塔沉井为例,采用河工模型试验、CFD方法分析沉井着床阶段的河床冲刷形态和沉井摆动,同时研究终沉阶段下沉系数和沉井施工监控系统.根据分析研究结果,沉井定位采用“钢锚墩+锚系”的半刚性定位系统;采用“小锅底”取土方式下沉;采用信息化实时监控系统实时监测沉井空间几何姿态,确保了沉井准确定位与平稳下沉,最终将其平面误差控制在30 cm以内,垂直度误差为1/363.     

椒江二桥钢护筒平台施工技术

该文介绍了浙江省台州椒江二桥主塔墩桩基施工平台直接利用桩基钢护筒作为平台的基础的施工技术。其与常规的钢管桩基础平台相比,具有结构设计新颖、缩短工期、节省材料等优点。根据钢护筒的设计特点,钢护筒的承载能力、防冲刷能力、安全性能、稳定性更由于钢管桩独立平台结构,可以在类似施工条件的工程中推广。     

温州海域研究与开发进展

在大量文献基础上,对温州海域水动力泥沙研究进展情况和主要的开发情况及相应的研究情况进行了综述,包括岸滩稳定、沉积过程、潮汐、潮流、泥沙、台风风暴潮、卫星遥感等的研究及温州浅滩围垦工程、瓯江南口工程、航道整治工程、30万t级航道工程、大、小门岛围垦工程、乐清湾港区工程等开发工程。     

杭州湾潮流能资源储量估算

采用二维数值模拟方法对杭州湾海域的潮流进行了模拟,得到了杭州湾海域潮流流速的分布特征。在此基础上对杭州湾海域的潮流能储量进行估算,得到杭州湾海域潮流能储量约3.59 GW。从数值模拟的结果可以看出,杭州湾口的金塘水道、龟山航门等通道内水深、流急,潮流能密度较大,是潮流能开发的理想海域,通过对这几个通道进行计算,预计可开发量约700 MW。