汽车用拼焊板国内外研究进展

综述了汽车用拼焊板在国内外所取得的研究成果。阐述了目前影响拼焊板成型性能的因素;归纳了提高拼焊板成型能力的工艺方法;针对拼焊板焊缝建模复杂性问题,介绍了有限元仿真技术研究现状。对拼焊板在上述3个方面存在的问题及其应深入研究的方向进行了探讨。     

海面溢油数值模拟及其可视化实现技术

由于石油工业和石油运输业的迅猛发展,油井井喷和油轮溢油事故频繁发生。积极探索溢油在水环境中的运动规律,才能为溢油的清理提供强有力的指导。海上溢油数值模拟研究能定量地分析、评估溢油的演变,文章结合采用椭圆扩展模型和油粒子模型对溢油扩散漂移过程进行模拟,为相应的决策提供科学依据。而溢油的可视化技术基于GIS组件COM技术,将溢油数值模型的模拟计算结果以图形的方式,实时、动态地显示在电子海图上,从而实现了溢油漂移扩散过程的可视化。     

智能轮胎监测技术的发展现状及需解决的关键问题

智能轮胎监测技术可以实现轮胎压力、温度、道路摩擦力等重要参数的监测。简述了两种简单的智能轮胎监测技术的工作原理及其优缺点，介绍了目前国内、外在智能轮胎监测技术方面的部分研究成果。在分析智能轮胎监测技术实现功能和现存问题的基础上，提出了未来智能轮胎监测技术需要解决的关键问题。     

Market introduction strategies for alternative powertrains in long-range passenger cars under competition

Alternative powertrains are considered as a promising option to significantly reduce CO₂ emissions from passenger cars. One major prerequisite is their successful market introduction. In this paper, we present a system dynamics model that allows for the evaluation of strategies for the market introduction of alternative powertrain technologies in long-range passenger cars (⩾400 km) under competition. The model considers two competing manufacturers, one first-mover and one follower, each introducing plug-in hybrids and fuel cell electric vehicles according to exogenously defined strategies, which comprise timing, pricing, and technology parameters. The manufacturers can learn from each other due to technology spillover, leading to cost reductions of the powertrains. We use an exemplary dataset for the German car market to study the manufacturers’ influence on the market success of alternative powertrains as well as the underlying mechanisms. The results indicate that in general more competition leads to higher market shares of alternatively powered vehicles and thus allows for a higher reduction of emissions. However, this might cause decreasing profits for both manufacturers, especially if the follower pursues an aggressive pricing strategy when entering the market to gain market shares from its competitor. Also, technology spillover has a positive effect on the market penetration. This particularly holds true for a low level of technology experience where high cost reductions can be achieved and for fuel cell electric vehicles where the costs of the powertrain are much higher compared to plug-in hybrids.     

What drives people to accept automated vehicles? Findings from a field experiment

This field study aims at understanding the influence of direct experience of an automated vehicle (AV, Level 3) and explaining and predicting public acceptance of AVs through a psychological model. The model includes behavioral intention (BI) to use self-driving vehicles (SDVs, Level 5), willingness to re-ride (WTR) in our AV (Level 3), and their four potential determinants, namely perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), trust related to SDVs, and perceived safety (PS) while riding in our AV. The last two determinants are largely ignored, but we consider them critical in the context of AVs. Three-hundred students were invited as participants (passengers) to experience the AV. The trust, PU, PEU, and BI of the participants were recorded prior to their experiencing the AV; after this experience, all the constructs of the psychological model were recorded. The participants’ experience with the AV was found to increase their trust, PU and PEU (but not BI), the consistency between PU/PEU and BI, and the explanatory power of BI. The model explained 55% of the variance in BI and 40% in WTR. PU, trust, and PS were found to be steady and direct predictors of both the acceptance measures; PEU predicted BI only after the participants’ AV experience. Mediation analysis showed that trust also can indirectly affect AV acceptance through other determinants. Out-of-sample prediction confirmed the model’s predictive capability for AV acceptance. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

An empirical investigation on consumers’ intentions towards autonomous driving

Major steps towards implementation of autonomous and connected transport are being taken nowadays. The trend of automation technology being used in vehicles by the most important vehicle manufacturing industries is expected to move closer to high or fully Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) through technological advancements in sectors of robotics and artificial intelligence. Vehicles with autonomous driving capabilities are planning to be available on market, in full scale, in the next years. In the longer term substantial benefits are mainly expected for accessibility to transport, safety, traffic flow, emissions, fuel use and comfort. All these potential societal benefits will not be achieved unless AVs are accepted and used by a critical mass of people. Addressing these challenges, this paper: (a) proposes a technology acceptance modelling process by extending the original Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain and predict consumers’ intensions towards AVs, (b) based on the proposed TAM-extended framework, a 30-question survey was conducted in order to investigate the factors influencing consumers’ intensions to use and accept AVs. Results show that the constructs of perceived usefulness, perceived ease to use, perceived trust and social influence, are all useful predictors of behavioral intentions to have or use AVs, with perceived usefulness having the strongest impact. The insights derived from this study could significantly contribute to ongoing research related to technology acceptance of AVs and are expected to allow automobile industries to improve their design and technology.     

论打造广西特色治超执法新模式的必要性和意义

文章针对广西治超执法情况的特点及存在的主要问题，分析了新形势下进行广西治超新模式改革的必要性，介绍了广西公路部门实施的治超执法新模式和手段，总结了广西特色治超执法模式改革取得的成绩。     

浅谈企业如何有效地申报科研计划项目

企业作为市场的主体,是推动国家科技创新和技术进步的主要力量,而开展科技项目申报,是政府利用计划和市场手段对企业科学研究和技术开发进行引导的主要手段。因此,面向企业开展企业科技申报对实现科技创新起着至关重要的作用。本文主要从科研管理的角度,介绍了科研项目的分类及申报过程,积极探索提高项目申报质量的有效途径,以期为企业科研管理部门提供有益的借鉴。     

就DM—55型闭路强制循环导热油加热沥青系统谈科技成果评审的价值取向

本文以1990年5月通过鉴定的“DM-55型闭路强制循环导热油加热沥青系统”成果为依据,就其产品的命名,工艺设备本身的安全性,可靠性、先进性等阐述了作者的观点,并对该成果的推广使用提出了几点建设性意见,最终提出了对科技成果,即新产品、新工艺、新设备的评价,要做到多种价值取向,多方位、多层次考虑,才可能利于其推广发展的新见解。     

水泥混凝土路面湿法泵喷特种砂浆快速修补机械与工艺的试验研究

通过对水泥混凝土路面快速修补机械与工艺的试验研究，研制出适用于水泥混凝土路面大面积罩面的砂浆湿法泵喷射机，并提出了与之配套的修补工艺。