南淝河航道整治工程简介

简要介绍南淝可航道的整治工程建设规模和标准 ,及经整治后航道所发挥的作用。     

Investigation of ship waves in a narrow channel

This paper presents a discussion of the characteristics of ship waves in a narrow channel restricted by vertical walls, based on observed data and the results computed by a 2-D model. In the numerical model, the propagation of waves generated by a moving ship is simulated by solving 2-D depth-integrated Boussinesq equations. To get the boundary conditions at the location of the ship, the slender-ship approximation is employed. A field observation was carried out at a straight length of navigation channel. The ships targeted in the observations are two kinds of waterbuses with lengths of 28 and 24 m. The relative depth Froude number for the river current, an appropriate parameter for assessing the influence of the current on ship wave characteristics in a navigation channel, ranged from 0.47 to 0.76. The observed maximum wave height varied between 0.13 and 1.26 m. The maximum wave height of the wave train is sharply increased when the relative depth Froude number exceeds 0.6. The results computed by the present model agree fairly well with the observed data.     

浅谈长江危险货物运输的现状与问题

近年来,长江干线危险货物运输的安全和防污染形势严峻,文中作者通过对长江干线的专题调研,希望能揭示长江危险货物运输中存在的问题,为相关部门提供参考。     

Modelling nutrient fluxes from sub-arctic basins: Comparison of pristine vs. dammed rivers

The deterministic Riverstrahler model of river functioning is applied for the first time to sub-arctic catchments. Seasonal nutrient (N, P, Si) deliveries to the coastal zone are simulated, and nutrient annual fluxes are established for the nearly pristine river Kalix (hereafter called Kalixälven) and the heavily dammed river Lule, (hereafter called Luleälven) both located in Northern Sweden and draining into the Bothnian Bay, Baltic Sea.For Kalixälven simulations are performed with a runoff calculated from precipitation, evapo-transpiration and temperature data for the period 1990–1999, using a hydrological model calibrated on observed monthly discharges at the river outlet. The same hydrological parameters are used to calculate specific runoff for the Luleälven basin in absence of dam regulation. Reservoir filling and emptying are simulated using a simplified representation of their management rules. Diffuse sources of nutrient are evaluated according to land cover of the catchment. The simulated seasonal trends are within the range of the observed data, in particular for discharge, dissolved silica, total phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen and total organic carbon. Specific runoff is 50% higher in the Luleälven than in the Kalixälven watershed due to higher altitudes and precipitations. Average silica, nitrate and phosphorus concentrations are much lower in Luleälven than in Kalixälven. Comparison of model results for the Luleälven with and without dams shows a reduction of respectively 25% and 30% in silica and phosphorus fluxes delivered at the outlet, while nitrogen delivery is increased by 10% in the dammed vs. undammed river system. The model allows assessing the respective role of reservoir trapping of nutrient in the reservoir through algal uptake and sedimentation, and of changes in the vegetation induced by flooding the valley formerly covered by forests and wetlands.     

华光轮避离“利奇马”和“罗莎”台风的气象保障

2007年10月1日~10月8日华光轮在八所港到南通航行中先后避离利奇马和罗莎台风,现回顾和总结了这次避台的气象保障工作,并对中国沿海船舶防台的气象保障工作进行了探讨。     

凌津滩枢纽船闸下游近坝段航道整治研究

沅水梯级渠化最末一级凌津滩枢纽建成后,船闸下游引航道口门以下现行航道弯曲分汊、水浅流急、航道易淤积,船舶进出船闸困难,严重影响枢纽通航功能的发挥;在分析近坝河段航道碍航原因的基础上,通过水流和遥控自航船模、定床输沙物理模型试验,分别对左、右航线不同的工程整治方案进行研究优化;通过综合对比分析,废弃现行左线航道,选择右线开辟新航道,并针对存在的问题提出相关对策。     

长江上跨江建筑物的布设原则探讨

阐述长江上跨江建筑物桥跨、桥墩的基本布设原则和一些应注意的问题,将跨江桥染对长江水道的影响减少至最小程度。     

长江危险品船舶交通事故应急资源优化配置研究

针对长江危险品船舶交通事故应急资源配置中存在的问题和自身特点,从应急系统中应急资源的投入产出的整体相对效率考虑,运用数据包络分析(DEA)对长江危险品交通事故应急资源配置效率进行评价,在此基础上,用神经网络对评价所得数据进行训练,并对生成方案的效果进行预测,从而获得全局最优的危险品交通事故应急资源优化配置方案,为目前长江危险品船舶交通事故应急资源的科学配置提供了重要的参考依据。     

长江南京以下深水航道治理对策及建设思路研究

长江南京以下航道自然条件优越,随着水利、水运工程的不断建设,总体具备大型海轮进江的基本条件,但有部分浅区制约着航运效益的整体发挥.20世纪90年代启动南京以下深水航道系统治理研究,基于对河道演变与航道格局的长期研究认识,逐步形成了“整体规划、分步实施,自下而上、先通后畅”的建设思路和“把握有利时机、控制关键部位;因势利导、循序渐进;因地制宜、统筹兼顾”的治理原则,为尽快实现长江口12.5 m深水航道上延南京提供了技术可行方案.     

珠江河口近期岸线演变及其原因

基于不同时段的珠江河口卫星遥感图像,结合遥感-地理信息系统(RS-GIS)集成技术定量计算分析岸线近期的冲淤变化。从海平面上升和上游来沙等自然演变条件及人类工程活动两大方面分析珠江河口岸线冲淤演变的原因。结果显示:在1976—2006年,珠江河口近岸岸线整体向海淤涨579.2 m,年均淤涨19.3 m,而外海岛屿岸线总共淤涨21.6 m,年均淤涨0.7 m,近岸岸线的淤涨速率远快于自然演变过程。自然条件变化如海平面上升,在河口岸线剧烈的变化中影响较小。20世纪90年代期间上游来沙的减少与岸线淤涨速率变快的结果并不一致。详细的对比分析说明珠江河口地区的土地围垦是其岸线剧烈变化的主要因素。