Distributed mass/discrete floe model for pack ice rheology computation

A new model, called the distributed mass/discrete floe model, is proposed for performing practical computations of mesoscale pack ice rheology. This model possesses the advantages of both the continuum and the discrete element models: it can express the discrete nature of pack ice, for which it is difficult to use a continuum model, and requires a much shorter computation time than a discrete element model. The pack ice is divided into ice bunches in which the floes, assumed to be distributed uniformly, are modeled as inelastic disks or rectangles floating on the water. The ice interaction forces are formulated from the relationship between the impulse on the bunch and the variation of momentum in the bunch. The ocean flow is calculated simultaneously with the floe movement using a multilayer model. In a circulating water channel, drift tests of physical model floes were performed in order to investigate the characteristics of their motion and interaction with ocean structure models. Near the structure, the floe motion depends on the floe shape. Disk floes show a lateral motion in front of the structure. They flow out around both sides of the structure and the number of floes in front of the structure decreases with the lapse of time. On the other hand, rectangular floes scarcely flow laterally. The number of floes in front of the structure remains constant over time. These experiments indicate that when the motion of pack ice around a structure is simulated, it is important to consider the floe shape. The disk floe motion and the rectangular floe motion can be regarded as extreme cases of pack ice motion. Actual pack ice motion may be between these two extremes. Computations were carried out using the distributed mass/discrete floe (DMDF) model. Simulation results were compared with the circulating water channel experiment results and sea ice motion in the southern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. The DMDF model predicted the circulating water channel drift test results quite closely. The DMDF model results also compared quite well with the sea ice motion.     

黄河中卫段复合型滩险整治技术

对兼具"浅、急、弯、险"特点的黄河宁夏中卫下滩河段的复合型滩险整治技术进行研究。在深入分析滩性的基础上,提出多方案设计,通过物理模型试验优化比选。试验表明:挖槽上段采用复式断面、增加滩险进口段宽度和深度,有利于减小滩段水面比降、减小流速。尽管上段水位降幅较大,给上游河段带来不利影响,但整治效果最佳。工程实施后通航水流条件良好,航道条件得到有效改善,为类似滩险的整治提供参考。     

长江澄通河段通州沙西水道整治工程对分流比影响研究

为增加长江澄通河段沿江深水岸线资源,拟进行通州沙西水道整治工程,主要包括边滩圈围工程、洲头潜堤工程、西水道疏浚工程。利用一二维耦合潮流数学模型,模拟计算不同整治方案实施前后的汊道分流比,分析研究工程对通州沙河段的影响。研究结果表明:边滩圈围和潜堤工程、西水道航道疏浚工程、上游径流条件等都将影响通州沙西水道的分流比;仅仅实施边滩圈围和潜堤工程,将减少西水道分流比,而疏浚工程将使西水道分流比有所增加;整治工程实施后,通州沙河段分流比的改变程度主要取决于西水道的疏浚深度,因此,为维持该河段河势稳定应慎重选择西水道的疏浚尺度。     

三峡升船机下游引航道非恒定流波动特性试验研究*

通过1:80的三峡枢纽及下游引航道整体物理模型研究了典型的大坝泄洪、电站调峰、船闸泄水及其叠加工况下的升船机下游引航道非恒定流波动特性。结果表明：三峡枢纽下游引航道内的水位波动是引航道波流运动和两坝间流量差引起的河道涨、落水长波耦合叠加的结果。枢纽进行百年一遇洪水调节时升船机下闸首水位波动最大小时变幅061 m/h。当大坝泄洪单次调节流量小于2 000 m3/s时,升船机下闸首水位波动小时变幅小于042 m/h。电站调峰运行时,升船机引航道水位波动首波幅值随流量变幅和变率的增大而增大,最大小时变幅则取决于流量变幅和两坝间净流量大小。船闸双线同时泄水时升船机下闸首水位最大小时变幅018 m/h,基本不影响升船机运行。     

连云港港30万吨级航道工程抛泥悬浮物扩散观测研究

依托连云港港30万吨级航道工程,分析了ADCP走航式测沙技术应用于含沙量较低的连云港淤泥质海岸的可行性,重点研究主航道疏浚土在抛泥作业过程中产生的悬浮物扩散运动规律及其对连云港徐圩港区航道回淤的影响。研究成果可为连云港港30万吨级航道抛泥作业的改进提供参考。     

新型箱式采泥器研制 及在长江口航道回淤研究中的应用

为获取河床沉积物原状样品,研制一种新型箱式采泥器,并在长江口12.5 m深水航道回淤研究中开展应用.结果表明:新型箱式采泥器密封性好、适应性强、成功率高、样品量多且保持原状.新型箱式采泥器采集的原状样品揭示出长江口南港北槽河床沉积物包括沙、泥、沙泥混合、沙泥分层4类,沉积物类型及变化特征反映了泥沙来源和沉积过程.基于沉...     

A New Traffic Model for Mobile Wireless Networks

A new traffic model for mobile wireless networks was given and analysed. In the model, it is considered of traffic characteristic for two special periods of time. A pre-emptive priority scheme combined with channel borrowing strategy according to the speciality was proposed. All the channels can be used by non-real-time services, and real-time services are given higher priority for they are allowed to pre-empt channels used by non-real-time services. Either real-time handoff requests or non-real-time handoff requests can be queued in queues when there is no channel can be used. Some channels are reserved for real-time handoff requests, which can also be used by non-real-time service when they are idle. Simulation results are also given. It is seen that our scheme performs better than other schemes when the arrival rate of real-time services is much higher than non-real-time services.     

地铁下穿既有车站引起承压水通道原因分析

管片渗漏水是地铁隧道的主要病害之一,直接影响地铁列车的运行安全。隧道开挖过程中地下水的渗漏不仅威胁施工安全,还会影响工程质量。为解决区间隧道中的管片渗漏水问题,以杭州地铁5号线隧道为例,对渗漏水来源及流通问题进行分析。首先根据现场测试和地质水文条件对区间内管片渗漏水的来源进行分析,确定了管片渗漏水的来源为地下承压水。在此基础上,结合现场的地勘资料,根据承压水流通机理分析后初步确定承压水会沿着一定路径流通后导致病害的发生,并对承压水的流通路径进行验证。然后对承压水通道(UCWC)的形成原因提出假设,即桩基础的加固作用导致地层之间性质的差异,地层性质差异导致沉降差的产生,在开挖和扰动作用下,沉降差进一步增大引起层间裂隙,形成流通通道。最后,通过数值模拟与现场监测数据对这一假设进行验证,并据此提出了对应的技术措施,取得了较好效果。研究结果表明：隧道管片渗漏的渗漏水来源主要为承压水,承压水流通至病害区间引发管片渗漏。承压水通过UCWC流通至病害区间,通过数值模拟与现场监测数据分析得到UCWC的成因为车站加固结构与软弱地层存在的沉降差异。针对承压水流通路径以及UCWC成因,提出了长管二次注浆施作...     

一种宽带声自导的信号设计与检测方法

根据鱼雷自导过程中近/末程工作特点,提出一种宽带复杂信号设计及检测方法。利用鱼雷自导系统的宽带条件,选择具有一定水声对抗能力的多频编码脉冲,组成一种特殊的复杂信号形式,以实现准全宽带的信号发射;根据该类回波信号特点采用信号相干与非相干联合处理方法实现信号的检测。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

塑料轻质砂的颗粒分析方法

目前塑料轻质砂尚无标准的颗粒分析方法。为提高塑料轻质砂颗粒分析的准确性,对长江航道动床模型试验中常用的颗粒分析方法进行研究,分析各方法的适用性、分析结果和影响因素等。结果表明:激光法最适合开展塑料轻质砂颗粒分析;音波筛分法较为适合开展塑料轻质砂颗粒分析,但其对小粒径的塑料轻质砂有一定的分析误差;标准振筛法、尺量法、粒径计法、消光分析法等常规颗粒分析方法不适用于塑料轻质砂的颗粒分析。推荐以激光法分析结果作为高要求或争议仲裁的数据。