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首先介绍了东京都市圈轨道交通线网布局、规模和覆盖率,然后从轨道交通系统与城市规划演变、轨道交通系统与城市发展水平、轨道交通系统与城市功能布局三个维度分析了东京都市圈轨道交通与城市融合发展规律,探究了轨道交通系统与居住人口分布、就业岗位分布、城市空间结构、城市功能布局的关系.从东京都市圈多层次轨道交通系统、以公共交通为导... 相似文献
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台州湾海域水文泥沙环境及海床冲淤演变分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章结合台州湾海域历史上各年代、各测次的水文泥沙测验和实测地形资料,对该海区1934~1998年和1988~2003年2个不同时间长度内的地形变化进行了分析,结果表明:台州湾属于强潮海域,具有潮差大、潮汐动力强的特点;该海区在1988年以前处于略有淤积状态,而1988年后期处于冲淤基本平衡的稳定状况;椒江口内高含沙水体的往返运移对湾内水域冲淤变化的影响甚小;造成该海区海床变化的泥沙主要来自于浙江东海岸沿岸泥沙运动,随着来自长江口泥沙的逐年减少,该海域的海床形态基本趋于稳定,海域含沙量逐步降低,为台州市深水港的建设提供了良好的泥沙环境。 相似文献
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Rosario Domínguez-Petit María Korta Fran Saborido-Rey Hilario Murua María Sainza Carmen Pieiro 《Journal of Marine Systems》2008,71(3-4):260
European hake (Merluccius merluccius) female size at maturity is estimated on an annual basis for Bay of Biscay and Galician coast, which are parts of the distribution of the Northern and Southern stocks, respectively. Clear trends in this reproductive parameter are observed along the time series and the potential factors affecting these trends have been investigated. Total biomass, different indexes of SSB, age diversity index, fishing mortality at age, NAO winter index, upwelling index and temperature were included in multiple regressions models to assess the relative importance of each of them on shifts in size at maturity.Bay of Biscay and Galician coast hake have followed different evolution in patterns of changes in size at maturity. In Bay of Biscay, a steadily decline of 15 cm has been observed from 1987 to 2004, which is well predicted by fishing mortality and age diversity, but also the environment may have played an important role. However, on the Galician coast a drastic decline of 16 cm from 1980 to 1988 was followed by a rapid increase in size at maturity during the next 10 years to original values and a stable period in the last 6 years. Decreasing biomass may explain the decline in size at maturity in the first period. However, total biomass and spawning biomass declined even during the period when size at maturity increased, which is contrary to compensatory theory. Shifts in environmental regime, NAO and upwelling, may have contributed to a decelerated growth during this period that might explain the later maturation. 相似文献
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杭州湾大桥梁上运梁过程仿真分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对杭州湾大桥非通航孔滩涂区的50 m箱梁上运梁过程进行空间仿真分析。按照实际工况荷载,考虑预应力空间效应,施加等效节点力,并合理考虑支座等细部建模,建立精密的三维实体有限元仿真模型。混凝土的材料特性按现行公路桥梁设计规范取值,考虑最不利计算荷载,支座底部按刚性单元模拟,而与梁相接触层的弹性模量满足梁端回转变形时不出现拉应力,在结构离散时尽可能细分单元网格,由于梁端的应力相对复杂,采用比跨中更密的单元网格。计算承重箱梁整体变形和空间应力分布特性,结果为,由于载荷位置在支座附近,变形相对较小,最大挠度在反拱位移之内。支座截面的最大主拉应力发生在底板上表面侧,超过混凝土的开裂强度,因此,对该区域的混凝土应采取加劲处理,以防止混凝土拉裂;最大主压应力发生在架桥机肢腿处附近,小于混凝土的抗压强度。 相似文献
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通过对海南花场湾海域潮汐、潮流、泥沙、波浪以及底质沉积物等自然条件的分析,对该海区的水动力、泥沙环境及海床演变规律进行了研究,论证了花场湾海域略有冲刷的基本特征。 相似文献
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Atmospheric molar fraction of CO2 (xCO2atm) measurements obtained on board of ships of opportunity are used to parameterize the seasonal cycle of atmospheric xCO2 (xCO2atm) in three regions of the eastern North Atlantic (Galician and French offshore and Bay of Biscay). Three selection criteria are established to eliminate spurious values and identify xCO2atm data representative of atmospheric background values. The filtered data set is fitted to seasonal curve, consisting of an annual trend plus a seasonal cycle. Although the fitted curves are consistent with the seasonal evolution of xCO2atm data series from land meteorological stations, only ship-board measurements can report the presence of winter xCO2atm minimum on Bay of Biscay. Weekly air–sea CO2 flux differences (mmol C·m− 2 day− 1) produced by the several options of xCO2atm usually used (ship-board measurements, data from land meteorological stations and annually averaged values) were calculated in Bay of Biscay throughout 2003. Flux error using fitted seasonal curve relative to on board measurements was minimal, whereas land stations and annual means yielded random (− 0.2 ± 0.3 mmol C·m− 2·day− 1) and systematic (− 0.1 ± 0.4 mmol C·m− 2 day− 1), respectively. The effect of different available sources of sea level pressure, wind speed and transfer velocity were also evaluated. Wind speed and transfer velocity parameters are found as the most critical choice in the estimate of CO2 fluxes reaching a flux uncertainty of 7 mmol C·m− 2·day− 1 during springtime. The atmospheric pressure shows a notable relative effect during summertime although its influence is quantitatively slight on annual scale (0.3 ± 0.2 mmol C·m− 2·day− 1). All results confirms the role of the Bay of Biscay as CO2 sink for the 2003 with an annual mean CO2 flux around − 5 ± 5 mmol C m− 2 day− 1. 相似文献