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81.
The Bay of La Paz, a coastal and shallow basin of the Gulf of California (depth<420 m), exchanges mixed-layer waters with the Gulf of California predominantly through Boca Grande (Big Mouth), in the northeastern part of the bay. Equatorial Surface Water (ESW) flows from the gulf to the bay; once there, due to evaporation processes, this water increases its salinity above 35.00, therefore becoming Gulf of California Water (GCW) Mass. During June 1998, the baroclinic circulation in the bay was dominated by a cyclonic gyre. The hydrographic dome, related to this gyre, is depicted until approximately 150-m depth. However, the vertical mixing of water between the mixed-layer and the ones below practically does not occur because of the development of a sharp pycnocline. This fact and the isolation of the bottom of the bay by a bathymetric sill (approximately 250-m depth) at Boca Grande induce low oxygen content, particularly in the bottom-waters (O2<0.1 ml/l). Chlorophyll values are higher and with larger vertical fluctuations within the Bay of La Paz than outside.  相似文献   
82.
The northernmost basin of the Baltic Sea, the Bothnian Bay, is ice-covered for about half the year. During this time, distinct under-ice river plumes develop, even seaward of the smallest rivers, that are substantially thicker and larger in extent than during the summer months. Wind mixing is negligible, and during late spring in April or May, the highest annual discharge occur while the sea is ice covered, thus providing conditions for the formation of extensive under-ice plumes. These plumes are characterised by high levels of trace elements (e.g., Al, Fe and Zn), organic matter (TOC and dissolved organic carbon [DOC]), nutrients and also optically active substances (colored dissolved organic matter, CDOM). The under-ice plumes provide an important pathway for undiluted transport of land-derived substances to the pelagic waters of the basin, affecting the salinity, chemistry and optical properties of coastal waters. Freshwater ice growth on the underside of an existing sea ice sheet also restricts the buildup of sea ice and under-ice algal communities, potentially in large areas along the coasts. Plume water influences the optical characteristics of coastal waters for a period of time after ice break-up, potentially affecting primary production in these areas. Furthermore, the formation of under-ice plumes potentially has a positive feedback on the ice season length due to freshening of the coastal waters (earlier freeze-up) and restricted oceanic heat flux (slower melting).  相似文献   
83.
84.
The objective of this article is to take stock of integrated management in the Canadian North, assessing its contribution to the advancement of knowledge and practice regarding the role of indigenous knowledge and community-based monitoring. This is done in three steps. (1) The Beaufort Sea, designated a Large Ocean Management Area under Canada's Oceans Action Plan, is used as an example of a consultative planning process, with special attention to indigenous peoples. (2) How specifically can indigenous knowledge contribute to integrated management? The problem of Arctic marine food web contamination is used to illustrate the strengths and limitations of traditional ecological knowledge and its relationship to science. (3) The discussion of community-based monitoring relies on Voices From The Bay study involving the Inuit and Cree of Hudson and James Bay, and Inuit observations of climate change study in the Canadian western Arctic. The examples together address integrated coastal management and the health of ocean ecosystems, showing how stakeholder participation and knowledge helps widen the range of knowledge to understand and help monitor environmental change.  相似文献   
85.
刘鹏 《隧道建设》2013,33(6):474-480
在胶州湾隧道工程中,为满足城市交通规划和区域交通疏导要求,采取设置地下分流匝道的设计方案。双车道匝道隧道与3车道主隧道在地下小角度交汇,形成分岔隧道。由于该分岔隧道段埋深浅、地层条件差、地面环境复杂,给设计和施工带来了不小的难度。通过工程类比、数值模拟分析等方法确定小净距隧道段范围,对变净距并行隧道中夹岩分区段采取扩挖换填混凝土、对拉锚杆等措施;在特大断面隧道段通过预注浆加固地层、加强初期支护,采用台阶分块开挖方案;施工中采用微震爆破技术,较好地保护了围岩,最终成功实现了此浅埋分岔隧道的快速施工。通过现场监控量测数据反馈分析,所采取的支护参数、工程措施、施工方案合理,确保了工程的安全、顺利建成。  相似文献   
86.
Processing SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor) data provides useful information for the observation and modelling of the phytoplankton production of the Bay of Biscay. Empirical algorithms allow the retrieval of chlorophyll a and non-living Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) concentrations. These data are used to constrain a coupled 3D physical–biogeochemical model of the Bay of Biscay continental shelf. Two issues are investigated, depending on the variable used, to constrain the winter to spring phytoplankton production for the year 2001. First, SPM data is used as forcing data to correct the corresponding state variable of our model. This allows the realistic simulation of the light limited bloom at the end of February 2001, as observed with SeaWiFS chlorophyll a images and from the NUTRIGAS field cruise. Second, chlorophyll a data is used for parameter estimation of the biogeochemical model. The ability of assimilating these data is tested to improve the simulation of strong blooms observed in late May 2001 in the Loire and Gironde plumes. A global optimization method (Evolutive Strategies) is adapted to the complete 3-D coupled model, in order to find the best set of parameters. The hydrological conditions during the bloom can be validated with data from the PEL01 field cruise. After selection of the most sensitive parameters, the method is tested with twin experiments. Then, the use of real SeaWiFS data reduces the model/data misfit by a factor of two, improving the simulation of bloom intensities and extensions. The sets of parameters retrieved in each plume are discussed.  相似文献   
87.
赵洪波  吴以喜  杨华 《水道港口》2004,25(3):159-162,170
通过对惠安核电厂取排水口工程海区水文、泥沙及历年地形资料的分析,对该海区的泥沙来源、运移规律以及海床的演变特征和发展趋势进行了研究。  相似文献   
88.
阐述海力#801大型打桩船采用S-280型双作用液压锤和GPS卫星定位技术,在杭州湾恶劣的风、浪、流的条件下,下沉超长、超大直径钢管桩的施工技术。  相似文献   
89.
海上大型钻孔桩施工平台设计与施工   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杭州湾跨海大桥南航道桥施工条件恶劣,钻孔平台施工难度大,介绍主塔基础钻孔平台的设计思路及利用移动悬挑式导向架沉放钢护筒的施工工艺。  相似文献   
90.
杭州湾跨海大桥总体设计   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
杭州湾跨海大桥工程全长36 km,其中大桥长35.7 km,是世界上最长的跨海大桥。根据本桥规模巨大、水文条件复杂、气象多变、工程地质条件差、海洋腐蚀环境等特定建设条件的需要,杭州湾跨海大桥工程总体设计采用了多项新技术、新工艺、新材料、新设备和新理论,实现了多项桥梁设计技术创新和设计理念创新。  相似文献   
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