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Fangliang Xiao 《Maritime Policy and Management》2020,47(5):687-702
ABSTRACT Even if the same two ships operate in the same encountering situation, the actual strategies and timing of operations may be different. Therefore, the fixed collision avoidance trajectory and ship movements are no longer suitable for simulating the real ship behaviour. This paper tries to develop an artificial intelligent system that fully sensitive to the local circumstances and command a ship in virtual environment. Based on AIS (Automatic Identification System) data, this study has developed artificial forces which help decision makings on-board independently under different situations and catching the stochastic nature of ship behaviours during collision avoidances manoeuvring. Actual ship tracks are helpful for ascertaining the parameters that contribute to artificial forces in collision avoidances, while the correlation coefficient analysis is helpful to distinguish the parameters. This study will help to develop a navigation traffic simulation to reflect the realistic ship behaviour and provide reliable information for port and waterway planning, risk analysis, and mitigation measures. The method can be used in developing algorithms for autonomous ships. The method introduced in this study lays a foundation for developing artificial forces at intersections or bends, although the model is only applicable in straight channels at the moment. 相似文献
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本文系统梳理了我国船舶物流技术的发展现状及其成因,进而提出了船上物流标准化、信息化、自动化和智能化的总体发展方案,尤其是融合发展策略,将助推船舶物流技术的发展。 相似文献
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Currently, the shipping industry is facing a great challenge of reducing emissions. Reducing ship speeds will reduce the emissions in the immediate future with no additional infrastructure. However, a detailed investigation is required to verify the claim that a 10% speed reduction would lead to 19% fuel savings (Faber et al., 2012).This paper investigates fuel savings due to speed reduction using detailed modeling of ship performance. Three container ships, two bulk carriers, and one tanker, representative of the shipping fleet, have been designed. Voyages have been simulated by modeling calm water resistance, wave resistance, propulsion efficiency, and engine limits. Six ships have been simulated in various weather conditions at different speeds. Potential fuel savings have been estimated for a range of speed reductions in realistic weather.It is concluded that the common assumption of cubic speed-power relation can cause a significant error in the estimation of bunker consumption. Simulations in different seasons have revealed that fuel savings due to speed reduction are highly weather dependent. Therefore, a simple way to include the effect of weather in shipping transport models has been proposed.Speed reduction can lead to an increase in the number of ships to fulfill the transport demand. Therefore, the emission reduction potential of speed reduction strategy, after accounting for the additional ships, has been studied. Surprisingly, when the speed is reduced by 30%, fuel savings vary from 2% to 45% depending on ship type, size and weather conditions. Fuel savings further reduce when the auxiliary engines are considered. 相似文献
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为解决当下地下空间开发难题,依托中铁工程装备集团地下停车场项目,提出建造大型地下空间的结构分割转换工法(CC工法),并成功应用。文章从传统各工法的特点出发,阐述CC工法的设想。基于工程实践过程,首先,从地下结构的分割与转换2个角度,重点介绍大型地下空间的形成过程、型钢和钢筋混凝土组合结构管节、节点处理措施等创新内容; 然后,针对B类节点的处理措施、整体背土现象等工程问题进行解决与优化; 最后,探讨该工法拓展应用的可能性,分别介绍多层、曲线、长距离、装配式结构大型地下空间的初步方案。CC工法的成功研发,旨在为城市大型地下空间开发提供一套新的解决思路。 相似文献
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带扰动观测器的船舶轨迹跟踪自适应动态面滑模控制 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
针对遭受未知外部环境扰动的三自由度全驱动船舶轨迹跟踪控制问题,设计一种带扰动观测器的自适应动态面滑模控制方法。该方法构造扰动观测器估计未知扰动,并对控制量进行前馈补偿,采用σ修正泄漏项的自适应律估计扰动观测误差的界以提高控制精度,结合动态面技术解决传统反演法的微分爆炸问题,并选取李雅普诺夫函数证明该控制器可保证闭环系统内所有信号的一致最终有界性。基于一艘供给船舶进行仿真试验,结果表明,所设计的控制器输出合理有效且跟踪精度高,在工程实际中具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献