液态金属限流器自收缩效应的仿真研究

液态金属的自收缩效应是液态金属限流器(LMCL)实现限流功能的主要因素。本文首先简要介绍了液态金属的自收缩效应,然后在综合考虑气液两相流流场、电磁场以及热场相互作用的基础上,结合流体体积法(VOF)模型、湍流模型和磁流体动力学模型(MHD),建立了考虑自由表面的三维液态金属自收缩效应模型,通过流体力学分析软件FLUENT进行了仿真计算,根据仿真结果从理论上解释了液态金属自收缩效应的产生机理。     

H桥型三电平逆变器中点电位平衡调节算法研究

本文通过分析H桥型三电平逆变器开关回路和换流过程,找出了中点电位偏移的原因,并给出了中点电位平衡调节措施及改进算法,最后通过试验验证了所选算法是有效的,在大功率变流器上具有广泛应用前景。     

防金属粉末型内燃机车空气滤清器的研制

对GK1型内燃机车的空气滤清器进行了分析,并指出其在冶金企业运用中的缺陷,研制了一种防金属粉末的磁性滤网,并在机车空气系统得到了良好应用。     

压缩载荷下金属波纹夹层梁稳定性试验与数值分析

针对一个激光焊接金属波纹夹层梁模型,设计轴向压缩载荷下稳定性试验方案,通过试验获得夹层梁结构失稳临界载荷（极限载荷）及破坏模式。采用有限元软件ANSYS计算、探讨轴向压缩载荷下夹层梁结构的稳定性,数值计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。最后,对夹层梁结构在轴向压缩载荷下的临界失稳承载能力进行参数化分析。计算结果表明：在增加相同重量的前提下,增加下面板的厚度或芯层的厚度更有利于提高夹层梁结构的轴向临界失稳承载能力。     

三相不平衡度算法的比较研究

  目的  船舶照明配电三相平衡设计是照明系统设计中的重要工作,为提高三相平衡设计的效率和精度,提出基于改进模拟退火（SA）算法的三相平衡优化设计方法。  方法  首先,归纳下级照明分配电箱和上级配电板这2个级别的三相平衡设计最优化模型;然后,对模拟退火算法产生新解的过程进行改进,进而将其用于求解船舶照明分配电箱和配电板的三相平衡设计;最后,采用Matlab平台进行实船验证。  结果  结果表明,采用该方法可以在1 s以内完成4个分配电箱及上级配电板的三相平衡优化设计。  结论  所提方法可用于代替传统照明配电设计中负载三相分配的繁重工作,提高照明系统设计效率。     

一种全平衡式往复压缩机稳定性优势分析

  目的  相对于其他类型的空压机,往复式空压机能够获取更高压力的压缩空气,因而曲柄连杆机构的受力较大。  方法  对比分析3种结构形式的星型往复式空压机惯性力和力矩的特点,得出该型空压机对惯性力有良好的自平衡能力,能在一定程度上减小惯性力矩。建立曲柄连杆机构虚拟样机,将推导的活塞受力构造SPLINE曲线加载到活塞质心,分别将曲轴和连杆柔性化,并将基于IMPACT函数的接触碰撞力模型嵌入到ADAMS虚拟样机中。  结果  动力学仿真结果表明：该型空压机能够自平衡二阶惯性力,曲轴相对于连杆更趋近于柔性体,间隙运动副的存在会抑制某些频率点的振动,但会大大拓宽激振频带。  结论  该分析结果可为空压机的设计提供参考。     

客改货飞机载重平衡问题建模与Benders分解算法设计

研究了民航客改货飞机的载重平衡问题,分析了客改货飞机与客机和纯货机在载重平衡问题所存在的差异,建立了具备主货舱指派问题和下货舱背包问题组合优化特性的客改货载重平衡问题的线性整数规划模型,实现业载量最大和配载重心偏离指定目标重心最小的多目标函数,包含了实际操作中客改货机型的货舱及其位置约束、各种质量约束、上下舱联合约束与飞机重心包线约束等;设计了Benders分解算法对该模型求解,把原问题分为主问题和子问题两部分;设计了改进模拟退火算法求解主问题,改进了离散变量的编码、变异以及个体修正等策略;设计了基于逻辑检查的y-check算法,用于检查子问题的上下舱联合限重、重心包线等复杂约束,给出了Benders' Cut约束模型;设计了以B757-200客改货飞机为例的20组不同规模算例,基于Gurobi、Lingo、人工配载和本文提出的算法对模型进行验证。研究结果表明：Gurobi求解质量和速度最好,平均业载量为29 517.3 kg,重心偏差为0.02%,求解时间为0.13 s;人工配载方法最差,平均业载量为27 131.9 kg,重心偏差为5.26%,求解时间为581.75 s;本文提出的算法由于采用了智能启发式算法,平均业载量为28 379.1 kg,与Gurobi和Lingo的最优解相比稍差,但重心偏差为0.05%,可以忽略不计,平均求解速度为20.33 s,远快于Lingo的7 370.65 s。     

船体曲率板感应加热成形工艺研究

在船体曲面板的冷成形过程中,回弹是影响成形精度的主要因素,为提高板条成形质量,需研究回弹预测方法以获得合适的回弹控制方式,进而指导模具设计。

基于全卷积神经网络（FCN）对回弹图片进行像素级计算和回归计算,从而实现对每个成形位置的回弹量预测。首先,利用ABAQUS 2019建立有限元模型,并通过实验结果进行准确性的对比验证;然后,采用验证后的有限元方法计算获取神经网络训练样本集,将板条几何信息作为神经网络的输入,并基于不同卷积层结构采用TensorFlow深度学习框架来搭建全卷积网络模型;最后,对比分析不同神经网络的优劣,并将最优网络应用于模具设计。

算例分析结果显示：FCN模型预测回弹量的最大误差为8.49%,具有较高的准确度,其中FCN32的精度最高;FCN模型可以实现模具形状的一次性设计,计算时间仅为0.5 s,最大误差仅为1.00%,显著提高了计算效率。

全卷积神经网络算法提供了一种快速高效的板条回弹预测方法,以及快速设计模具形状的新思路。

     

An empirical investigation into the time-use and activity patterns of dual-earner couples with and without young children

This paper examines the time-use patterns of adults in dual-earner households with and without children as a function of several individual and household socio-demographics and employment characteristics. A disaggregate activity purpose classification including both in-home and out-of-home activity pursuits is used because of the travel demand relevance of out-of-home pursuits, as well as to examine both mobility-related and general time-use related social exclusion and time poverty issues. The study uses the Nested Multiple Discrete Continuous Extreme Value (MDCNEV) model, which recognizes that time-decisions entail the choice of participating in one or more activity purposes along with the amount of time to invest in each chosen activity purpose, and allows generic correlation structures to account for common unobserved factors that might impact the choice of multiple alternatives. The 2010 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data is used for the empirical analysis. A major finding of the study is that the presence of a child in dual-earner households not only leads to a reduction in in-home non-work activity participation (excluding child care activities) but also a substantially larger decrease in out-of-home non-work activity participation (excluding child care and shopping activities), suggesting a higher level of mobility-related social exclusion relative to overall time-use social exclusion. To summarize, the results in the paper underscore the importance of considering household structure in activity-based travel demand models, as well as re-designing work policies in the United States to facilitate a reduction in work-family conflict in dual-earner families.     

The impact of land-use mix on residents' travel energy consumption: New evidence from Beijing

Policies that encourage mixed land use are widely believed to make transport more energy efficient. However, few studies have directly examined the impacts of land-use heterogeneity on travel energy consumption at the individual level. Moreover, the definition and measures of land-use heterogeneity are debated. This paper aims to fill these gaps using the large city of Beijing, China, as a case study. Three types of land use are examined in terms of their effects on individual residents’ travel energy consumption. The results suggest that high land-use diversity and a good jobs-housing balance significantly reduces commuting travel. Interestingly, highly heterogeneous retail and housing areas may have high travel energy use, as residents are more likely to go shopping. There are obvious spatial variations in these effects. Residents of suburban ‘newtowns’, where the jobs-housing balance is particularly good, consume less travel energy. The results suggest that decreased use of conventional planning patterns, such as the socialist danwei system, and increasing urban sprawl, bring new challenges to achieving transport efficiency. Mixed land-use policies can be an effective solution to these challenges.