基于协整理论的内河航运发展与区域经济增长关系的实证分析

为了揭示内河航运发展与区域经济增长之间的关系以及二者的作用机制,以重庆市"内河运输-区域经济"复合系统1985-2009年的数据为研究对象,建立了基于协整理论的自回归分布滞后模型和vAR模型,并进行了脉冲响应分析.研究结果表明,内河航运发展与区域经济增长之间存在单向的因果关系,内河航运的发展对区域经济增长具有较强的拉动作用,并且这种作用力度长期明显强于短期.区域经济的增长不能自发带动内河航运的发展,甚至对内河航运发展具有抑制效应.最后根据实证分析结论,给出了相应的政策建议.     

公路交通投资与经济增长的关系

区域公路交通投资与经济增长之间相互影响的课题是交通领域中未解决的问题之一.基于格兰杰因果关系检验的基本原理与回归分析方法建立数学模型研究区域公路交通投资与经济增长之间的内在依存关系.经济发展的不同阶段,区域的公路交通投资与GDP总量之间均存在着互为因果关系.相同阶段经济增长与公路交通投资的相互之间推动作用不同.1978...     

客运综合枢纽功能区布设与人性化设计研究

在考虑人的心理需求的前提下,对客运综合枢纽候车空间以及站前广场的人均使用面积新的推算,并得出了新的计算值。在分析客运综合枢纽功能区布设一般方法的基础上,给出了主要功能区布设的推荐方法;并对客运综合枢纽客流聚集空间以及信息诱导设施的人性化设计要点进行研究。提出使用基于AHP与DEA综合赋权的层次分析法对客运综合枢纽功能区布设与人性化设计的合理性进行评价。     

基于时刻表的公交网络随机用户均衡配流算法研究

提高公共交通规划管理及信息化水平,需要制定科学的公交规划管理策略,公交客流分配是公交规划与管理的核心内容之一。为促进公交配流理论研究,提高公交客流分配结果科学性,分析了国内外公交配流研究现状,对于城市广义公交网络,结合公交时刻表,定义了公交连接、连接片段以及吸引连接集合,建立了容量限制下基于时刻表的公交网络随机用户均衡配流算法（VRT-SUE）,对算法原理和求解步骤进行了探讨。构建实例公交网络进行分析测试,配流结果显示该模型能够很好的反映出出发时间、到达时间、换乘次数及费用等对乘客公交出行的影响,算法是合理和有效的。     

基于MNL模型的有轨电车出行选择行为研究

以现代有轨电车在上海建设试验线为背景,就市民出行方式的选择意愿进行了调查,在此基础上建立了多项Logit模型,研究了有轨电车的引入对市民出行方式选择的影响,明确了影响市民选择出行方式的关键因素为薪资收入、出行准点要求以及出行距离,进而指出了有轨电车在城市交通系统中的功能定位,并就如何提供现代有轨电车乃至城市公共交通的分担率提出了建议。     

Biofuel refinery location and supply chain planning under traffic congestion

This research focuses on planning biofuel refinery locations where the total system cost for refinery investment, feedstock and product transportation and public travel is minimized. Shipment routing of both feedstock and product in the biofuel supply chain and the resulting traffic congestion impact are incorporated into the model to decide optimal locations of biofuel refineries. A Lagrangian relaxation based heuristic algorithm is introduced to obtain near-optimum feasible solutions efficiently. To further improve optimality, a branch-and-bound framework (with linear programming relaxation and Lagrangian relaxation bounding procedures) is developed. Numerical experiments with several testing examples demonstrate that the proposed algorithms solve the problem effectively. An empirical Illinois case study and a series of sensitivity analyses are conducted to show the effects of highway congestion on refinery location design and total system costs.     

Evidence of convective instability in congested traffic flow: A systematic empirical and theoretical investigation

An extended open system such as traffic flow is said to be convectively unstable if perturbations of the stationary state grow but propagate in only one direction, so they eventually leave the system. By means of data analysis, simulations, and analytical calculations, we give evidence that this concept is relevant for instabilities of congested traffic flow. We analyze detector data from several hundred traffic jams and propose estimates for the linear growth rate, the wavelength, the propagation velocity, and the severity of the associated bottleneck that can be evaluated semi-automatically. Scatter plots of these quantities reveal systematic dependencies. On the theoretical side, we derive, for a wide class of microscopic and macroscopic traffic models, analytical criteria for convective and absolute linear instabilities. Based on the relative positions of the stability limits in the fundamental diagram, we divide these models into five stability classes which uniquely determine the set of possible elementary spatiotemporal patterns in open systems with a bottleneck. Only two classes, both dominated by convective instabilities, are compatible with observations. By means of approximate solutions of convectively unstable systems with sustained localized noise, we show that the observed spatiotemporal phenomena can also be described analytically. The parameters of the analytical expressions can be inferred from observations, and also (analytically) derived from the model equations.     

Freeway traffic oscillations: Microscopic analysis of formations and propagations using Wavelet Transform

In this paper we identify the origins of stop-and-go (or slow-and-go) driving and measure microscopic features of their propagations by analyzing vehicle trajectories via Wavelet Transform. Based on 53 oscillation cases analyzed, we find that oscillations can be originated by either lane-changing maneuvers (LCMs) or car-following (CF) behavior. LCMs were predominantly responsible for oscillation formations in the absence of considerable horizontal or vertical curves, whereas oscillations formed spontaneously near roadside work on an uphill segment. Regardless of the trigger, the features of oscillation propagations were similar in terms of propagation speed, oscillation duration, and amplitude. All observed cases initially exhibited a precursor phase, in which slow-and-go motions were localized. Some of them eventually transitioned into a well-developed phase, in which oscillations propagated upstream in queue. LCMs were primarily responsible for the transition, although some transitions occurred without LCMs. Our findings also suggest that an oscillation has a regressive effect on car-following behavior: a deceleration wave of an oscillation affects a timid driver (characterized by larger response time and/or minimum spacing) to become less timid and an aggressive driver less aggressive, although this change may be short-lived. An extended framework of Newell’s CF model is able to describe the regressive effect with two additional parameters with reasonable accuracy, as verified using vehicle trajectory data.     

When are subsidies to trans-European network projects justified?

The trans-European transport network (TEN-T) encompasses the major planned transport infrastructure in Europe, ranging from high speed rail to port infrastructure. Projects in this category are considered priority projects and receive European subsidies; but these have been insufficient to get these projects off the ground. This paper addresses two research questions. First, it sketches the basic economics of cross-boundary infrastructure projects: what pricing and investment policies can we expect, what is the role of through traffic and high fixed costs of infrastructure? Second, it examines briefly what lessons the EU could draw from the experience of other existing federal funding institutions like the US and Germany. These ideas are used to propose a new subsidy scheme for the TEN-T projects.     

Modal-split effects of climate change: The effect of low water levels on the competitive position of inland waterway transport in the river Rhine area

Future climate change is expected to affect inland waterway transport in most main natural waterways in Europe. For the river Rhine it is expected that, in summer, more and longer periods with low water levels will occur. In periods of low water levels inland waterway vessels have to reduce their load factors and, as a result, transport prices per tonne will increase. One possible consequence of these higher transport prices is a deterioration of the competitive position of inland waterway transport compared with rail and road transport, and thus a change in modal split. We study this issue using a GIS-based software model called NODUS which provides a tool for the detailed analysis of freight transportation over extensive multimodal networks. We assess the effect of low water levels on the costs of transport operations for inland waterway transport in North West Europe under several climate scenarios. It turns out, that the effect on the modal split is limited. Under the most extreme climate scenario, inland waterway transport would lose about 5.4% of the quantity that is currently being transported annually in the part of the European inland waterway transport market considered. The very dry year of 2003 can be seen as an analogue for this scenario.