远期城市交通模型的公交线网建立方法初探——以温州为例

公交线网是城市交通模型的重要组成部分,由于远期城市公交线网存在较大的不确定因素,本文针对远期城市交通模型提出了几种可能的公交线网建立方法,并对各种方法的优缺点和适用条件进行了评价,最后以温州城市交通模型为具体案例研究确定了公交线网的建立方法.     

城市交通政策对能耗和温室气体排放的影响

简要介绍了12个大城市限制小汽车使用的交通政策,评估其在减少能源消耗和温室气体排放方面取得的效果.这些城市都经历了能源消耗、温室气体排放和私人小汽车保有量增长的过程.在欧洲,多个地区通过提高公共交通的服务质量,增加了公交客运量,但新增乘客来自于非机动交通而非私人小汽车,这实际上增加了能源消耗总量.各城市旨在减少私人小汽...     

Design and implementation of efficient transit networks: Procedure, case study and validity test

This paper presents and tests a method to design high-performance transit networks. The method produces conceptual plans for geometric idealizations of a particular city that are later adapted to the real conditions. These conceptual plans are generalizations of the hybrid network concept proposed in Daganzo (2010). The best plan for a specific application is chosen via optimization. The objective function is composed of analytic formulae for a concept’s agency cost and user level of service. These formulae include as parameters key demand-side attributes of the city, assumed to be rectangular, and supply-side attributes of the transit technology. They also include as decision variables the system’s line and stop spacings, the degree to which it focuses passenger trips on the city center, and the service headway. These decision variables are sufficient to define an idealized geometric layout of the system and an operating plan. This layout-operating plan is then used as a design target when developing the real, detailed master plan. Ultimately, the latter is simulated to obtain more accurate cost and level of service estimates.This process has been applied to design a high performance bus (HPB) network for Barcelona (Spain). The idealized solution for Barcelona includes 182 km of one-way infrastructure, uses 250 vehicles and costs 42,489 €/h to build and run. These figures only amount to about one third of the agency resources and cost currently used to provide bus service. A detailed design that resembles this target and conforms to the peculiarities of the city is also presented and simulated. The agency cost and user level of service metrics of the simulated system differ from those of the idealized model by less than 10%. Although the designed and simulated HPB systems provide sub-optimal spatial coverage because Barcelona lacks suitable streets, the level of service is good. Simulations suggest that if the proposed system was implemented side-by-side with the current one, it would capture most of the demand.     

南京城市公共交通一卡通行应用方案研究

用模糊评价方法对南京地铁与公交一卡通行方案进行优选。分析了南京公交IC卡系统现状和地铁AFC系统选型,表明公交IC卡系统不适应技术发展趋势以及多应用的拓展,而地铁AFC系统则充分考虑了这些需求。讨论了地铁、公交一卡通行各种可能的模式及其影响因素,利用加权最小隶属度偏差模型对南京城市公共交通一卡通行应用方案进行评价,评价结果与模糊综合评判加权平均模型相一致,表明一步到位方案为最佳方案,但加权最小隶属度偏差法反映了不同方案偏离理想方案的程度。     

基于GIS的城市公交出行时间链研究

分析城市公交网络的各种空间实体数据和属性数据,建立了基于GIS的公交网络信息数据库。利用GIS空间分析与决策功能,分析研究乘客公交出行时间链,采用Logit反推模型,结合苏州市公交规划调查数据,回归计算出公交出行时间链各部分权重值。公交出行时间链的研究是公交网络配流及网络优化的理论基础,其权重值的分析计算具有重要的实用意义。     

Evaluation of transit proximity effects on residential land prices: an empirical study in Austin,Texas

The Austin MetroRail line in Texas, U.S.A. began operations in 2010 and since then transit-oriented development projects have been fuelled around train stations. Traditional location theory holds that proximity to a transit station should be capitalized into land prices, and numerous empirical studies have demonstrated the effects with mixed results. However, to date no empirical study has investigated this relationship between the newly built rail line and land prices in Austin. This study fills the research gap and suggests a positive effect associated with transit proximity by employing spatial hedonic models. This study also contributes to the existing literature especially in the context of Texas cities where there is a lack of relevant research on transit-capitalization-related topics, and provides insights for decision-makers with different perspectives regarding further rail investment or transportation financing strategies such as value capture programs.     

昆明轨道交通岩溶专项勘察手段及方法

为解决传统勘察手段及方法很难查明岩溶发育特征的难题,以昆明轨道交通4 号线岩溶专项勘察为案例工程,介绍在岩土工程初步勘察、详细勘察的基础上,采用以工程地质钻探及现场物探测试(孔间层析成像(CT)、高密度电法、地质雷达)为主,并结合工程地质测绘、原位测试、钻孔抽水试验和室内土工试验等综合勘察技术手段和方法,查明了线路沿线的岩溶分布、规模及形态等发育特征,并对其做出定量或定性评价,为岩溶专项治理施工图设计、优化设计方案及完善施工组织设计等提供了可靠的地质依据,对类似工程具有一定的指导及参考作用。     

Recognizing metro-bus transfers from smart card data

Transfer points between metro and bus services remain an elusive, yet critical junction for transportation practitioners. Based on massive Smart Card (SC) data, previous studies apply a one-size-fits-all criterion to discriminate between transfers. However, this is not sufficiently convincing for different transfer pairs. To counter this problem, this study applies an association rules algorithm and cluster analysis to recognize metro-to-bus transfers using SC data, and demonstrates transfer recognition in a case study based on SC data collected during a week in Nanjing, China. It is shown that 85% of the transfer-recognition results are quite stable through the whole week, and the median transfer time between metro and bus is below 20?min. The method proposed in this study can be used to identify the busiest transfer points and to obtain average transfer times, which facilitates a smarter and more efficient public transit network.     

Design and development of interactive trip planning for web-based transit information systems

This article presents a Web-based transit information system design that uses Internet Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies to integrate Web serving, GIS processing, network analysis and database management. A path finding algorithm for transit network is proposed to handle the special characteristics of transit networks, e.g., time-dependent services, common bus lines on the same street, and non-symmetric routing with respect to an origin/destination pair. The algorithm takes into account the overall level of services and service schedule on a route to determine the shortest path and transfer points. A framework is created to categorize the development of transit information systems on the basis of content and functionality, from simple static schedule display to more sophisticated real time transit information systems. A unique feature of the reported Web-based transit information system is the Internet-GIS based system with an interactive map interface. This enables the user to interact with information on transit routes, schedules, and trip itinerary planning. Some map rendering, querying, and network analysis functions are also provided.     

An analysis of public bus transit performance in Indian cities

Maintaining and enhancing public transit service in Indian cities is important, to meet rapidly growing mass mobility needs, and curb personal motor vehicle activity and its impacts at low cost. Indian cities rely predominantly on buses for public transport, and are likely to continue to do so for years. However, the public bus transit service is inadequate, and unaffordable for the urban poor. The paper explores the factors that contribute to and affect efforts to improve this situation, based on an analysis of the financial and operational performance of the public bus transit service in the four metropolitan centres and four secondary cities during the 1990s. Overall, there were persistent losses, owing to increasing input costs and declining productivity. The losses occurred despite rapidly increasing fares, and ridership declined. The situation, and the ability to address it, is worse in the secondary cities than the metropolitan centres. We suggest a disaggregated approach based on the needs and motivations of different groups in relation to public transit, along with improved operating conditions and policies to internalize costs of personal motor vehicle use, to address the challenge of providing financially viable and affordable public bus transit service.