香港地铁的可持续发展探索

以香港地铁的发展历程为题材,从经济贡献、环境保护和社会责任三方面,探讨轨道交通系统可持续发展的含义.为了达到可持续发展的目标,分析城市轨道交通新线在规划和建设阶段需要考虑的因素,探索城市规划与城市轨道交通规划之间的关系.介绍香港地铁运营服务的良好效果,以及降低运营成本所采取的有效措施.     

地铁中压环网数字通信过电流保护方案研究

过电流保护作为地铁中压环网的后备保护,存在级差难以配合的问题,导致保护无选择性。为解决这一问题,提出一种改进方案,即数字通信过电流保护。该方案对中压环网各进出线开关均配置数字通信过电流保护装置,该装置具备通信功能和可编程的逻辑处理功能,相邻装置间通过数据通道对相应信息进行传输和比较,从而对故障信息进行判断。通过对环网不同位置发生的故障进行分析,对方案原理及实现方法进行详细介绍,证明该方案能够准确判断故障范围,并动态调整保护装置的动作时限,能够解决过电流保护的级差配合问题,保证过电流保护的选择性和速动性。     

提高轨道交通环境影响评价公众参与有效性的建议

总结轨道交通行业环境影响与防治特点,梳理轨道交通项目敏感点特性及公众参与的要求,结合近期轨道交通行业公众参与风险排查统计结果,归纳轨道交通行业环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题,主要是部分建设项目参与程序存在瑕疵、参与形式缺乏一定的公正性、公众调查缺乏一定的针对性、分析结果缺乏一定的真实性。剖析影响公众参与有效性的深层原因,从法律法规、机制体制、参与形式、统计方法等方面,提出提高公众参与有效性、降低轨道交通环境影响和社会影响的对策建议。     

建立轨道交通安全相关系统安全管理规范模型的构想

在介绍欧盟和我国轨道交通(铁路和城市轨道交通)行业安全相关系统开发和运营过程中存在问题的基础上,提出建立轨道交通安全相关系统安全管理规范模型的构想。该模型根据安全管理活动的过程,将安全管理模型分为制定、实施和维护3个模块。制定阶段包括计划和建立,实施阶段包括筹备和具体实施,维护阶段包括测量和审核或评审。详细叙述各阶段的主要内容和要求。     

我国铁路开行集装箱中转接续班列技术可行性探讨

分析我国铁路集装箱运输现状,利用图示说明我国开行铁路集装箱中转接续班列的思路,从集装箱中转接续班列的开行条件、班列编成辆数、集装箱在办理站的中转停留时间等方面对开行集装箱中转接续班列的技术可行性进行分析,并举例阐述了集装箱中转接续班列的始发终到时间制定,最后简要说明集装箱中转接续班列的运输组织方法。     

城市轨道交通大客流等车时间计算模型

城市轨道交通的运营在早、晚高峰或突发大客流情况下,客流量超过列车最大承载能力,乘客将排队等待后继车辆而延长等车时间。乘客等车时间是评价交通服务水平和优化列车开行方案的关键因素。提出一种基于列车时刻表,利用排队论方法,准确计算严重拥挤情况下乘客等待时间的模型。针对乘客等车时间计算模糊的问题,在考虑乘客实时到达规律、OD(起讫点)分布、发车间隔和列车运能的基础上,创新地提出可用于城市轨道交通网络和双向的大客流和常规客流的等车时间累计计算方法,可为大客流的时刻表优化策略提供理论依据,并通过累计输入-输出算法计算大客流等车时间的实例,分析多参数变化趋势。实证表明,模型可用于城市轨道交通网络和双向的大客流和常规客流的等车时间实时计算。     

城际轨道交通信号系统设计方案探讨

针对城际轨道交通信号系统工程,讨论了信号系统适用的几种方案。考虑到工程实际条件,从运营需求、系统功能、实施难度等方面对几种信号系统方案进行了比选讨论,对城际轨道交通信号系统的建设具有一定的参考意义。     

快速公交站台形式及位置最佳布置方法

快速公交在我国部分城市已经开始实践,但对于站台的形式及位置的选择,我国还没有相应的理论依据。在阐述快速公交站台各种形式的适用性及布置方法的基础上,详细分析了路中式快速公交站台设置在交叉口进口和出口的适用性及位置形式。最后,以乘客时间效益为主要指标,建立了乘客出行延误模型,提出适合我国混合交通特性的站台最佳布置方法,为我国快速公交的实践提供依据。     

Including passengers’ response to crowding in the Dutch national train passenger assignment model

Transit passengers’ response to crowded conditions has been studied empirically, yet is limitedly included in transport models currently used in the design of policy and infrastructure investments. This has consequences for the practical applicability of these models in studies on, for instance, timetabling, train capacity management strategies, project appraisal, and passenger satisfaction. Here we propose four methods to include the effect of crowding, based on existing studies on passengers’ perception and response as well as often-used crowding indicators. These four alternative methods are implemented in the train passenger assignment procedure of the Dutch national transport model, and evaluated with respect to their impacts on the model results for the Dutch railway network. The four methods relate to four different ways in which an additive trip penalty and/or time-multiplier can be incorporated in the train utility function for different travel purposes, to capture the disutility of crowding as measured by the load factor. The analyses of the test case favor the hybrid method using both a boarding penalty (capturing seat availability upon boarding) and a time-multiplier (capturing physical comfort and safety throughout the trip). This method produces consistent results, while the additional computational effort that it imposes is acceptable. Further empirical underpinning is needed to conclusively show which of these methods best captures passengers’ response behavior quantitatively (for different travel purposes and conditions).     

Extraboard team sizing: An analysis of short unscheduled absences among regular transit drivers

Several factors contribute to short-duration unscheduled absences of bus transit drivers. This article aims to understand these factors at the aggregate level and to anticipate future total absence that will need to be filled for a large-size transit operator. The aggregate level is defined as the total number of regular driver absences per garage, day of week and time period that need to be covered by the extraboards. This study analyzes absenteeism data obtained from OC Transpo, the transit provider of the city of Ottawa, Canada. A multilevel regression model is generated to investigate regular drivers’ absences. The short-unscheduled absence is estimated in relation to temporal factors, drivers’ personal characteristics, aspects of assigned work, and service delivery characteristics. Furthermore, using the model’s coefficients, sensitivity analyses are conducted to demonstrate the advantages of this technique over traditional ones adopted by various transit agencies. This study provides transit planners and policy makers with a practical methodology that can be used to support extraboard planning practice and help reduce the incidence of missed trips due to absences while having the appropriate size of extraboard drivers.