世界渔船发展概况

认为影响世界渔船发展的因素是海洋扑捞量、鱼类资源情况、渔业养殖业、联合国“海洋法公约”及各国资源保护政策等;这些因素的变化必然导致渔船在数量、种类、尺度及扑捞技术等方面做出相应的调整;针对现阶段我国渔船发展所面临的问题,给出相应的对策和具体的具体措施.     

基于AIS数据的渔业船舶碰撞风险度评估模型

构建一种渔业船舶碰撞风险度评估模型,并对其求解方法和计算流程进行设计.将该模型应用到基于船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)数据的渔业船舶安全管理与评价系统开发中,在系统中进行AIS数据库重构和数据深度挖掘,引入模糊数学方法和层次分析法,实现对渔业船舶碰撞风险度的科学评估和预测.测试结果表明:构建的渔业船舶碰撞风险度评估模型和开发的渔业船舶安全管理与评价系统可靠,预测的结果可信,可为渔业船舶的安全管理和评价提供科学的方法.     

南极磷虾捕捞加工船及装备发展现状和趋势

基于国内外南极磷虾产业的发展现状,不论是保证捕捞产量还是提高船载加工产品质量,提升南极磷虾捕捞加工船舶及装备的现代化水平是南极磷虾产业发展的必由之路。作为南极磷虾捕捞、加工的平台,专业南极磷虾捕捞加工船船型的升级换代必然会影响到我国南极磷虾产业的发展及在国际上的竞争力,因此有必要对我国南极磷虾捕捞加工船及配备的捕捞系统、加工工艺等的发展趋势进行探讨和分析。研究挪威南极磷虾产业发展路径不难得出,南极磷虾捕捞加工船的"极地化、专业化、大型化、绿色化"是必然趋势,而这种趋势也应是我国南极磷虾捕捞加工船船型及相关系统、工艺发展的主要方向。     

渔船与商船碰撞事故原因分析

通过对大连港1991～2001年渔船与商船事故的统计,从事故等级、能见度、发生时间、地点、船舶等5个方面进行分析,总结出人的因素是导致事故发生的主要原因。故从严进行船员培训、提高船员素质、加强对船员的责任心教育、有效实施对船员的管理,是降低事故发生率、使航行更安全的有效途径。     

Status and Priority Capacity Needs for Local Compliance and Community-Supported Enforcement of Marine Resource Rules and Regulations in the Coral Triangle Region

Combating illegal and destructive resource exploitation in the Coral Triangle is central to ensuring the long-term effective management of fisheries, marine protected areas, and climate change adaptation efforts. This article presents results of an investigation of the perceived level of local compliance and enforcement with marine resource rules and regulations and evaluates the effectiveness or potential for community-supported enforcement efforts in the Coral Triangle region. The findings are consistent with those of the literature on compliance and enforcement that any compliance and enforcement system must not only use deterrence, but also be perceived by fishers as being legitimate, fair, accountable and equitable and the need for developing a personal morality and a social environment that supports compliance. There is an opportunity to strategically build on shared value and cultural norms that can promote collaborative fisheries management as a mechanism to increase compliance through non-coercive efforts. Strengthening the long-term capacity for consistent delivery of local support to marine management and enforcement will increase local compliance rates through time.     

多功能现代化渔港发展思路探讨

针对沿海省份提出研究建设多功能现代化渔港发展思路的需求,分析国内外渔港发展趋势,从功能定位与发展策略、选址要求与建设内容、建管机制、政策建议四个方面探讨了多功能现代化渔港的发展思路,为东南沿海试点建设多功能现代化渔港提供借鉴。     

The influence of oceanographic scenarios on the population dynamics of demersal resources in the western Mediterranean: Hypothesis for hake and red shrimp off Balearic Islands

The aim of the present paper is to study the relationships between some climatic indices and parental stock, recruitment and accessibility to trawl fishery of hake (Merluccius merluccius) and red shrimp (Aristeus antennatus) off Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). Available annual catch per unit effort, recruitment and spawning stock biomass have been used as biological data. As environmental data, the meso-scale IDEA index and the large-scale North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) indices have been used. To analyze possible links between these indices with the population dynamics of demersal resources, two non-linear approaches have been applied: (i) stock–recruitment relationships from Ricker and Beverton–Holt models, by sequentially incorporating environment factors; (ii) generalized additive modelling, both classical general and threshold non-additive models were considered. The latter simulate an abrupt change in explicative variables across different phases (time periods or climatic index values). The results have shown that two oceanographic scenarios around the Balearic Islands, associated with macro and meso-scale climate regimes, can influence the population dynamics of hake and red shrimp. This is especially true for recruitment, which seems to be enhanced during low NAO and IDEA indices periods. During these periods, colder-than-normal winters generate high amounts of cold Western Mediterranean Intermediate Waters (WIW) in the Gulf of Lions, which flow southwards and reach the Balearic Islands channels in spring, increasing the productivity in the area. This oceanographic scenario could also be favourable to the distribution of hake on the fishing grounds where the trawl fleet targets this species, increasing its accessibility to the fishery. Both spawning stock and abundance of red shrimp seems to be also enhanced by high MO index periods, which could reflect the increased presence of the saline and warm Levantine Intermediate Waters (LIW) in the study area, extending over the fishing grounds of this species. The proposed interactions can be useful to assess and manage these important demersal resources.     

乐亭县中心渔港水域布置研究

乐亭县中心渔港位于滦河口西侧,二滦河口附近。工程区泥沙运动活跃,而且渔船泊稳要求较高,因此,总体方案对工程成败起着决定性作用。本文提出多种水域布置方案,通过数值模拟方法进行研究,得出合理的布置方案。     

莫桑比克贝拉渔码头重建工程工艺设计研究

以莫桑比克贝拉渔码头重建工程为例,探讨渔船装卸、水产品加工处理及冷藏、制冰及输冰等工艺设计内容,为类似渔码头设计提供借鉴。     

如何有效发挥渔船在海上搜救中的积极作用

介绍了浙江洞头辖区海上搜救现状和存在的困难,分析了制约渔船积极参与海上搜救的主要因素,对如何有效发挥渔船在海上搜救中的积极作用提出了几点建议。