Interaction study of train-bridge-track systems using Maxwell model

The investigation of problems related to the interaction of train, bridge and track systems has been accelerated by the emergence of high-speed trains. Such studies are required, not only for the endurance issues regarding bridge and tracks, but to assure trains' functionality and performance. The suspension mechanism of train systems is of prime importance in defining the functionality of high-speed trains, and accurate mathematical models of the mechanism are imperative. This paper introduces a numerical technique for an interaction study of train-bridge-track systems based on Maxwell (three-element type) modeling of the suspension mechanisms of vehicles. Track irregularity in sinusoidal form is also integrated into the mathematical model. Although the proposed technique is simple in formulation, it offers phenomenal accuracy in representing the interaction of train, track and bridge systems. In a numerical example, the dynamic behavior of a train-bridge system has been studied. Results of this analysis provide a valuable insight into the contributing roles of different parameters in this subject.     

减轻列车轮轨横向动力作用的技术措施

基于铁道车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论及仿真分析系统，分析了机车车辆悬挂参数、结构参数及轨道结构参数对轮轨横向相互作用的影响，在此基础上提出了降低轮轨横向动力作用的技术措施：（1）一系水平定位刚度（纵向和横向刚度）对轮轨横向动力作用影响较大，刚度值选取的基本设计原则是，在充分满足运动稳定性的前提下，尽可能降低刚度值；（2）二系水平（包括纵向和横向）刚度对轮轨横向动力作用影响不明显，设计时，应更多地考虑机车车辆的平稳性；（3）簧下质量对轮轨横向动力作用影响较大，较小簧下质量，将使轮轨横向动力作用得到显著的降低；（4）较低的扣件横向刚度、扣件垂向刚度及道床横向刚度等参数值将有利于降低轮轨横向动力作用。     

基于NURBS的船体与桥墩间水动干扰力及力矩的非定常计算

本文在一些假设下完成了船体与桥墩之间水动干扰力及力矩的数值计算工作，所采用的方法是基于非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)的三维Rankine源边界元法，即将船体、桥墩的几何形状以及流场中待求的物理量分布完全表达成NURBS的形式。给出了船体通过圆柱形桥墩时的水动干扰力及力矩的数值计算结果，并进行了一些分析。     

Timed RAISE方法在列控系统等级转换场景中的应用研究

高速铁路列车运行控制系统是一个复杂的实时性系统,结合其实际特点,将域方法作为系统描述的切入。通过对模型检验和定理证明两种验证方法的分析比较,提出使用基于定理证明的时间化工业软件工程的严格方法Timed RAISE形式化方法对等级转换(CTCS-2级至CTCS-3级)场景进行描述,并对其场景交互一致性和实时性进行验证,结果表明该场景不会出现场景交互一致性错误,也不会违反时间的约束。     

Carbonate chemistry dynamics and carbon dioxide fluxes across the atmosphere–ice–water interfaces in the Arctic Ocean: Pacific sector of the Arctic

Climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere have led to remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is surrounded by permafrost. These changes include significant shrinking of sea-ice cover in summer, increased time between sea-ice break-up and freeze-up, and Arctic surface water freshening and warming associated with melting sea-ice, thawing permafrost, and increased runoff. These changes are commonly attributed to the greenhouse effect resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and other non-CO₂ radiatively active gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The greenhouse effect should be most pronounced in the Arctic where the largest air CO₂ concentrations and winter–summer variations in the world for a clean background environment were detected. However, the air–land–shelf interaction in the Arctic has a substantial impact on the composition of the overlying atmosphere; as the permafrost thaws, a significant amount of old terrestrial carbon becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and oxidation to CO₂. The Arctic Ocean's role in determining regional CO₂ balance has been ignored, because of its small size (only  4% of the world ocean area) and because its continuous sea-ice cover is considered to impede gaseous exchange with the atmosphere so efficiently that no global climate models include CO₂ exchange over sea-ice. In this paper we show that: (1) the Arctic shelf seas (the Laptev and East-Siberian seas) may become a strong source of atmospheric CO₂ because of oxidation of bio-available eroded terrestrial carbon and river transport; (2) the Chukchi Sea shelf exhibits the strong uptake of atmospheric CO₂; (3) the sea-ice melt ponds and open brine channels form an important spring/summer air CO₂ sink that also must be included in any Arctic regional CO₂ budget. Both the direction and amount of CO₂ transfer between air and sea during open water season may be different from transfer during freezing and thawing, or during winter when CO₂ accumulates beneath Arctic sea-ice; (4) direct measurements beneath the sea ice gave two initial results. First, a drastic pCO₂ decrease from 410 μatm to 288 μatm, which was recorded in February–March beneath the fast ice near Barrow using the SAMI-CO₂ sensor, may reflect increased photosynthetic activity beneath sea-ice just after polar sunrise. Second, new measurements made in summer 2005 beneath the sea ice in the Central Basin show relatively high values of pCO₂ ranging between 425 μatm and 475 μatm, values, which are larger than the mean atmospheric value in the Arctic in summertime. The sources of those high values are supposed to be: high rates of bacterial respiration, import of the Upper Halocline Water (UHW) from the Chukchi Sea (CS) where values of pCO₂ range between 400 and 600 μatm, a contribution from the Lena river plume, or any combination of these sources.     

An efficient approach to the analysis of rail surface irregularities accounting for dynamic train–track interaction and inelastic deformations

A two-dimensional computational model for assessment of rolling contact fatigue induced by discrete rail surface irregularities, especially in the context of so-called squats, is presented. Dynamic excitation in a wide frequency range is considered in computationally efficient time-domain simulations of high-frequency dynamic vehicle–track interaction accounting for transient non-Hertzian wheel–rail contact. Results from dynamic simulations are mapped onto a finite element model to resolve the cyclic, elastoplastic stress response in the rail. Ratcheting under multiple wheel passages is quantified. In addition, low cycle fatigue impact is quantified using the Jiang–Sehitoglu fatigue parameter. The functionality of the model is demonstrated by numerical examples.     

桩一土一桥梁结构地震台试验数据处理方法

地震模拟振动台试验测点多,加载工况多,采集到的数据量大,且受噪声等因素干扰,测试数据与真实信号间有一定的差别。只有将测试数据经过科学的处理、修正和分析,去伪存真,才能得出正确的试验结果和结论。简要介绍桩一土一桥梁结构相互作用地震模拟振动台试验项目的概况,详细论述该试验数据的处理思路与方法,为以后相关试验研究提供参考。     

温度及荷载频率对沥青-集料交互作用能力的影响

以参数B为表征沥青-集料交互作用能力的评价指标,利用动态剪切流变仪对2种沥青与4种集料在不同粉胶比条件下相互作用后的沥青胶浆进行了流变性能研究,分析了沥青-集料交互作用能力随温度及荷载频率的变化规律,确定了评价沥青-集料交互作用能力的外部条件。结果表明：随着温度的升高,沥青-集料交互作用能力的增大幅度呈现先小后大的特点;高温和低温下,加载频率对沥青-集料交互作用能力的影响恰好相反。     

二维矩形弹性液舱内液体晃荡数值模拟研究

阐述ADINA数学模型及相关数值方法,以二维矩形刚性液舱模型为例模拟液体晃荡,将所得的结果与解析解进行比较,验证该模型的有效性;通过数值模拟,研究二维矩形弹性液舱内的液体晃荡,分析不同刚度、不同频率对液体晃荡自由液面波高运动的影响。