施工过程中筏板基础应力和沉降变化规律

针对国内还没有具体文献详细分析模拟施工过程对筏板基础响应的影响,本文建立上部结构、筏板基础与地基共同作用的模型,利用ANSYS有限元软件自身的单元生死技术,计算分析了施工过程对筏板基础响应的影响.数值分析的结果表明,施工过程只在开始几层施工时对筏板影响较大,随着层数的增加,影响会越来越小.     

GPRS在铁路车地信息交互中的应用

通用分组无线业务(GPRS)在我国首次应用于铁路列调,在铁路信息化快速发展的大趋势下, GPRS在铁路车地交互中的应用将是十分非常广泛的.介绍GPRS在车地交互中的应用和测试中的问题,并提出改进策略.     

呼叫中心在安全生产管理信息系统中的应用

在传统的安全生产管理信息系统基础上,集成基于呼叫中心技术的安全生产举报中心.举报中心对举报者进行语音指导,对举报内容进行存储和处理,使生产上的安全隐患能够及时发现并做出及时、正确的处理.分析基于呼叫中心技术的安全生产举报中心的系统结构和软件流程,介绍预拨呼叫的基本概念和在紧急救援系统中的应用.     

高速磁浮列车对轨道的动力作用及其与轮轨高速铁路的比较

研究了现有文献关于高速列车动力学方面的论述,就高速磁浮列车对轨道的动力作用及其与轮轨高速铁路的比较展开讨论。得到的主要结论是：地面高速轨道交通应以300km／h左右的轮轨高速铁路为主体;在需要400～600km／h超高速的特定条件下,也可以采用磁浮高速列车,作为一种补充。因此,一方面要积极修建上海浦东机场高速磁浮试验线,一方面要尽早启动京沪轮轨高速铁路的建设。     

On maximum forces exerted by floating ice on a structure due to constrained thermal expansion of ice

The problem of interaction between a floating ice cover and an engineering structure is considered, in which the ice–structure contact forces are caused by an increase in ice temperature due to solar radiation in situations, when the lateral thermal expansion of ice is constrained. The focus is on the determination of the maximum thermally-induced horizontal force exerted on a structure wall, assuming that the magnitude of this force is bound by the smallest force capable of fracturing the ice cover due to its buckling. The ice cover is modelled as a rectangular plate of uniform thickness, with its four edges being constrained by vertical rigid walls, and it is assumed that ice deforms, and eventually fails, by the mechanism of viscous creep buckling. The plate is subjected to in-plane axial compressive stresses developing in ice to prevent its thermal expansion due to solar heating, and is transversely (vertically) bent by the forces caused by the reaction of underlying water. The floating ice is treated as a material whose elastic and viscous properties depend on temperature and the ice porosity, and therefore they vary with time and the depth of ice. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for a variety of the ice plate horizontal dimensions, thicknesses and daytime temperature-change scenarios, illustrate the evolution of the plate deflection surface prior to its failure, and show the time variation of the maximum forces exerted by ice on a structure wall as functions of the ice thickness and maximum daytime temperature rise at the top surface of ice.     

ABAQUS–OlaFlow integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction

In this study, a new one-way integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction is established by integrating the finite element software, ABAQUS, and the open-source fluid dynamics package, OlaFlow. In this new model, the generation and propagation of ocean waves as well as the seepage flow in a porous medium are controlled by OlaFlow; concurrently, the wave-induced dynamic responses of a porous seabed and marine structures are governed by ABAQUS. The reliability of this new model is validated by an analytical solution and a series of wave flume tests. The comparison results show that the new established model has high reliability and feasibility. Finally, this new integrated model is utilized for investigating the wave-induced dynamics of a composite breakwater and its seabed foundation as well as to evaluate the residual horizontal sliding displacement of the caisson of this composite breakwater under wave impact. Because this new integrated numerical model can fully utilize the advantages of both ABAQUS and OlaFlow, it is expected to have broad prospects for application in engineering practice.     

Large deformation coupled analysis of embedded pipeline – Soil lateral interaction

Subsea pipelines buried in the seabed may undergo large lateral displacement under environmental, operational, and accidental loads at different interaction rates and hence different drainage conditions. The undrained shear strength is commonly used in practice to assess the pipe-soil interaction assuming a sufficiently high displacement rate. This approach neglects consolidation effects and the rate-dependent response of the soil and may significantly underestimates the lateral resistance for a pipeline moving slowly relative to the ground. In this study, a coupled large deformation finite element (LDFE) framework is developed via a remeshing and interpolation technique with small strain (RITSS). A Modified Cam-Clay (MCC) model with efficient numerical integration is used. The proposed coupled LDFE framework is verified against selected physical model tests. Effects of the interaction rate and hence drainage condition on the p-y curve, excess pore pressure generation and dissipation, and failure mechanisms are discussed. An empirical relationship between the ultimate resistance and the normalized velocity of the pipe (denoting the drainage condition) is proposed, which may be applied for the integrity and safety analysis of buried pipes in landslide or fault-crossing regions.     

Benchmark study on slamming response of flat-stiffened plates considering fluid-structure interaction

This paper presents a benchmark study on the slamming responses of offshore structures’ flat-stiffened plates. The objective was to compare the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation methodologies, modeling techniques, and established researchers' experiences in predicting slamming pressure. Three research groups employing the most common commercial software packages for numerical FSI simulations (i.e. LS-Dyna ALE, LS-Dyna ICFD, ANSYS CFX, and Star-CCM+/ABAQUS) participated in this study. Wet drop test data on flat-stiffened aluminum plates of light-ship-like bottom structures available in the open literature was utilized for validation of the FSI modeling. A summary of the experimental conditions including the geometry model and material properties, was distributed to the participants prior to their simulations. A parametric study on flat-stiffened steel plates having actual scantlings used in marine installations was performed to investigate the effect of impact velocity and plate rigidity on slamming response. The FE simulation results for the total vertical forces acting on the stiffened plates and their structural responses to those forces, as obtained from the participants, were analyzed and compared. The reliable and accurate predictions of slamming loads using the aforementioned commercial FSI software packages were evaluated. Additionally, equivalent static slamming pressures resulting in the same permanent deflections, as observed from the FSI simulations, were reported and compared with analytical models proposed by the Classification Standards DNV and existing experimental data for calculation of the slamming pressure. The study results showed that the equivalent load model depends on the water impact velocity and plate rigidity; that is, the equivalent static pressure coefficient decreases with an increase in impact velocity, and increases when impacting structures become stiffer.     

地铁施工影响邻近管线的研究现状与展望

从地下管线初始应力、接口模拟、失效模式、管土相互作用、控制标准、评估简化算法、离心模型试验以及有限元数值分析等方面,综述了国内外隧道施工对地下管线影响的已有研究成果。开挖引起周围地层的差异沉降是导致管线功能丧失的主要原因,主要表现形式为纵向弯矩引起的横向断裂和非刚性连接的管线接头张开等。影响管线变形的主要因素包括管线与隧道的相对位置、管线的弯曲刚度和土体的强度。管线的控制标准可以从地层移动、管线接头转角与脱开以及管线应变等方面考虑制定。对此类问题的分析,常用的弹性地基梁法与工程类比法都是基于经验的预测方法,没有考虑管道腐蚀引起的安全性下降,仅是采用较严格的变形控制标准。应在腐蚀管道评定的基础上合理制定变形控制标准,结合开挖引起地层移动与管土相互作用以及管材强度与变形特性的研究,建立一套完整实用的管线安全性评估体系。     

完整的车辆-轨道系统动力学研究是铁路发展的迫切需要(2)

4　高速列车引发的噪声和振动人耳能听到的声音 ,其频率范围是 2 0Hz～ 2 0kHz。低于 2 0Hz的称次声 ,高于 2 0kHz的称为超声。人耳对30 0 0Hz左右的声音感觉最灵敏。对于低于 6 3Hz和高于 16kHz的声音 ,即使勉强听得见 ,反映也很不灵敏。所以 ,在噪声控制领域内 ,主要对 6 3Hz～ 16kHz感兴趣。对轮轨滚动噪声而言 ,高于 5 0 0 0Hz的功率谱由于接触滤波的作用骤然降低。在实际分析中略扩大其范围 ,考虑为 5 0～ 6 0 0 0Hz即已足够。图 18是列车通过时对铁路沿线造成侵害居民的噪声其发射区和入射区的原理图。图 18中表明 ,计有通过空气…