基于用户认知的新能源汽车内饰研究

在体验经济时代(在消费过程中追求顾客满意、注重自我体验),新能源汽车作为汽车行业的新兴产业,不断受到人们的追捧,其内饰比外观更为重要。在新能源汽车的内饰中,许多零部件具有不可替代的互动性,这也是用户了解新能源汽车内饰的关键因素之一。在智能化时代的背景下,大多数新能源汽车制造商单纯地将智能技术应用到新能源汽车上,其内饰造型、人机交互和使用体验已经不能满足客户对新能源汽车的要求。人机工程学是新能源汽车内饰设计的出发点,掌握用户形象认知是新能源汽车内饰设计的关键。因此,本文从用户的认知角度来研究新能源汽车的内饰设计与创新。     

智能汽车的人机共驾技术研究现状和发展趋势

智能汽车的人机共驾技术(HM IoIV)是解决其智能化级别难以快速跨越至高度自动化水平的有效过渡手段.HMIoIV涉及了L0～L3级别的智能汽车的多种自动化技术,包括先进辅助驾驶系统.针对当前国内外智能汽车人机共驾技术的研究现状,对其概念、结构和研究内容进行总结,根据独立驾驶人参与的数量和驾驶操作方参与的数量将现有的人...     

软土地基中桥台桩侧向位移的计算方法探讨

土的侧向荷载对桥台桩基的水平位移和弯曲变形具有重大影响,往往导致桥台桩身发生挠曲甚至破坏。通过总结侧向变形土体常见的位移模式,分析桥台桩的变形机制,在阐述不同模式下桩侧压力的产生机理及桩的几种破坏模式的基础上,提出桩土间相互作用力与桩土间相对位移的双曲线关系模型和理想弹塑性关系模型,可为相关研究提供参考。     

基于人-车交互的行人轨迹预测

针对行人轨迹预测具有复杂、拥挤的场景和社会交互问题,基于长短时记忆网络(Long Short-term Memory Network,LSTM)对行人与车辆、行人与其他行人的交互进行建模,提出一种基于人-车交互的行人轨迹预测模型(VP-LSTM).该模型同时考虑了行人与行人的交互、行人与车辆的交互,更适用于复杂的交通场...     

On maximum forces exerted by floating ice on a structure due to constrained thermal expansion of ice

The problem of interaction between a floating ice cover and an engineering structure is considered, in which the ice–structure contact forces are caused by an increase in ice temperature due to solar radiation in situations, when the lateral thermal expansion of ice is constrained. The focus is on the determination of the maximum thermally-induced horizontal force exerted on a structure wall, assuming that the magnitude of this force is bound by the smallest force capable of fracturing the ice cover due to its buckling. The ice cover is modelled as a rectangular plate of uniform thickness, with its four edges being constrained by vertical rigid walls, and it is assumed that ice deforms, and eventually fails, by the mechanism of viscous creep buckling. The plate is subjected to in-plane axial compressive stresses developing in ice to prevent its thermal expansion due to solar heating, and is transversely (vertically) bent by the forces caused by the reaction of underlying water. The floating ice is treated as a material whose elastic and viscous properties depend on temperature and the ice porosity, and therefore they vary with time and the depth of ice. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for a variety of the ice plate horizontal dimensions, thicknesses and daytime temperature-change scenarios, illustrate the evolution of the plate deflection surface prior to its failure, and show the time variation of the maximum forces exerted by ice on a structure wall as functions of the ice thickness and maximum daytime temperature rise at the top surface of ice.     

ABAQUS–OlaFlow integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction

In this study, a new one-way integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction is established by integrating the finite element software, ABAQUS, and the open-source fluid dynamics package, OlaFlow. In this new model, the generation and propagation of ocean waves as well as the seepage flow in a porous medium are controlled by OlaFlow; concurrently, the wave-induced dynamic responses of a porous seabed and marine structures are governed by ABAQUS. The reliability of this new model is validated by an analytical solution and a series of wave flume tests. The comparison results show that the new established model has high reliability and feasibility. Finally, this new integrated model is utilized for investigating the wave-induced dynamics of a composite breakwater and its seabed foundation as well as to evaluate the residual horizontal sliding displacement of the caisson of this composite breakwater under wave impact. Because this new integrated numerical model can fully utilize the advantages of both ABAQUS and OlaFlow, it is expected to have broad prospects for application in engineering practice.     

Large deformation coupled analysis of embedded pipeline – Soil lateral interaction

Subsea pipelines buried in the seabed may undergo large lateral displacement under environmental, operational, and accidental loads at different interaction rates and hence different drainage conditions. The undrained shear strength is commonly used in practice to assess the pipe-soil interaction assuming a sufficiently high displacement rate. This approach neglects consolidation effects and the rate-dependent response of the soil and may significantly underestimates the lateral resistance for a pipeline moving slowly relative to the ground. In this study, a coupled large deformation finite element (LDFE) framework is developed via a remeshing and interpolation technique with small strain (RITSS). A Modified Cam-Clay (MCC) model with efficient numerical integration is used. The proposed coupled LDFE framework is verified against selected physical model tests. Effects of the interaction rate and hence drainage condition on the p-y curve, excess pore pressure generation and dissipation, and failure mechanisms are discussed. An empirical relationship between the ultimate resistance and the normalized velocity of the pipe (denoting the drainage condition) is proposed, which may be applied for the integrity and safety analysis of buried pipes in landslide or fault-crossing regions.     

Benchmark study on slamming response of flat-stiffened plates considering fluid-structure interaction

This paper presents a benchmark study on the slamming responses of offshore structures’ flat-stiffened plates. The objective was to compare the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation methodologies, modeling techniques, and established researchers' experiences in predicting slamming pressure. Three research groups employing the most common commercial software packages for numerical FSI simulations (i.e. LS-Dyna ALE, LS-Dyna ICFD, ANSYS CFX, and Star-CCM+/ABAQUS) participated in this study. Wet drop test data on flat-stiffened aluminum plates of light-ship-like bottom structures available in the open literature was utilized for validation of the FSI modeling. A summary of the experimental conditions including the geometry model and material properties, was distributed to the participants prior to their simulations. A parametric study on flat-stiffened steel plates having actual scantlings used in marine installations was performed to investigate the effect of impact velocity and plate rigidity on slamming response. The FE simulation results for the total vertical forces acting on the stiffened plates and their structural responses to those forces, as obtained from the participants, were analyzed and compared. The reliable and accurate predictions of slamming loads using the aforementioned commercial FSI software packages were evaluated. Additionally, equivalent static slamming pressures resulting in the same permanent deflections, as observed from the FSI simulations, were reported and compared with analytical models proposed by the Classification Standards DNV and existing experimental data for calculation of the slamming pressure. The study results showed that the equivalent load model depends on the water impact velocity and plate rigidity; that is, the equivalent static pressure coefficient decreases with an increase in impact velocity, and increases when impacting structures become stiffer.     

地铁施工影响邻近管线的研究现状与展望

从地下管线初始应力、接口模拟、失效模式、管土相互作用、控制标准、评估简化算法、离心模型试验以及有限元数值分析等方面,综述了国内外隧道施工对地下管线影响的已有研究成果。开挖引起周围地层的差异沉降是导致管线功能丧失的主要原因,主要表现形式为纵向弯矩引起的横向断裂和非刚性连接的管线接头张开等。影响管线变形的主要因素包括管线与隧道的相对位置、管线的弯曲刚度和土体的强度。管线的控制标准可以从地层移动、管线接头转角与脱开以及管线应变等方面考虑制定。对此类问题的分析,常用的弹性地基梁法与工程类比法都是基于经验的预测方法,没有考虑管道腐蚀引起的安全性下降,仅是采用较严格的变形控制标准。应在腐蚀管道评定的基础上合理制定变形控制标准,结合开挖引起地层移动与管土相互作用以及管材强度与变形特性的研究,建立一套完整实用的管线安全性评估体系。     

完整的车辆-轨道系统动力学研究是铁路发展的迫切需要(2)

4　高速列车引发的噪声和振动人耳能听到的声音 ,其频率范围是 2 0Hz～ 2 0kHz。低于 2 0Hz的称次声 ,高于 2 0kHz的称为超声。人耳对30 0 0Hz左右的声音感觉最灵敏。对于低于 6 3Hz和高于 16kHz的声音 ,即使勉强听得见 ,反映也很不灵敏。所以 ,在噪声控制领域内 ,主要对 6 3Hz～ 16kHz感兴趣。对轮轨滚动噪声而言 ,高于 5 0 0 0Hz的功率谱由于接触滤波的作用骤然降低。在实际分析中略扩大其范围 ,考虑为 5 0～ 6 0 0 0Hz即已足够。图 18是列车通过时对铁路沿线造成侵害居民的噪声其发射区和入射区的原理图。图 18中表明 ,计有通过空气…