有限元模拟土-箱基-框架结构大比例模型动力相互作用研究

通过野外大比例模型试验,对土-箱形基础-框架结构体系进行动力测试,研究在土-结构相互作用影响下,不同质量分布情况下,结构体系的动力特性变化规律以及其在顶部稳态激振试验中的动力反应;此外,通过有限元软件MSC.Marc建模计算与试验对比分析。研究结果表明:考虑土-结构相互作用影响后,结构的自振频率减小,周期延长;通过堆载改变结构楼层质量分布后,基频减小,结构的动力特性变化规律满足动力相似关系。有限元计算与现场试验吻合较好,为研究如何利用土-结构共同作用指导结构设计提供了参考。     

基质沥青和SBS改性剂的相互作用机理分析

从SBS改性沥青的材料组成特性出发,采用吸附理论、热力学理论、自由体积理论讨论了在加工、施工拌和与营运过程中SBS与基质沥青的相互作用,分析了不同阶段基质沥青与SBS改性剂之间的相互影响,表明在不同阶段SBS与基质沥青间的相互作用是不同的,在原材料选择中应充分注意改性沥青的这一特点。     

车板耦合作用对水泥砼路面疲劳开裂的影响研究

水泥砼路面开裂和破坏的影响因素较多 ,情况也比较复杂 .笔者首先分析路面板在运动荷载作用下的动力响应 ,建立粘弹性地基上板的动力模型 ,然后从理论上探讨路面不平整引起的车板耦合作用对路面板的挠度、应变及其路面疲劳开裂的影响 ,从而为水泥砼路面的抗裂研究提供依据     

Finite element based meta-modeling of ship-ice interaction at shoulder and midship areas for ship performance simulation

The climate change has made the transit through Arctic area more feasible, which demands reliable methods to evaluate ship performance. Ship performance in ice is a cross-scale problem, where the desired output such as ship speed lies in larger scale while the actual ship-ice interaction happens in smaller scale. Due to insufficient knowledge in ice mechanics and the demand for computational efficiency, existing approaches for modelling ship-ice interaction from ship performance perspective are mostly either (semi-) empirical, or simplified analytical, with reduced dimensions and extensively simplified mechanics. This paper presents a novel approach to model ship-ice interaction, which maintains the accuracy of the modelling with Finite Element Method (FEM) in ship-ice interaction scale, while being computationally very cheap, therefore is capable to be applied in ship scale simulations. The ice failure is firstly qualitatively investigated through full-scale and model-scale observations, as well as a numerical simulation with Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM). The model is then simplified and executed by Abaqus to automatically run a large database. A neural network is used to fit the results to get a simulation-free tool for ship-ice interaction calculation. Finally, the uncertainty in the results due to an important assumption is quantified. The results show that the obtained neural network fits the database with excellent performance. Therefore, it can be applied in ship scale simulations with improved accuracy compared to empirical or analytical approaches.     

Estimation of the response of a deeply immersed cylinder to the shock wave generated by an underwater explosion

The work presented in this paper is focused on the development of a simplified method to study the structural response of a deeply immersed cylinder subjected to the primary shock wave generated by an underwater explosion. The proposed analytical model is based on the string-on-foundation method initially developed by Hoo Fatt and Wierzbicki, who converted the two dimensional boundary value problem of a cylindrical shell to an equivalent one-dimensional problem of a plastic string on a plastic foundation. This method has already been extended by the authors to study the shock wave response of an unstiffened cylinder immersed in shallow water. The present work focuses on deep-immersed cylinders subjected to both high hydrostatic pressure and explosion shock wave. The elastic deformation energy of the cylinder under hydrostatic pressure is first calculated and used to determine the initial conditions of the dynamic problem. Cylinder deflection and plastic deformation energy are then calculated for various immersion depths. When confronted to numerical results, the proposed model appears to underestimate the increase of deflection and absorbed energy with the immersion depth. A thorough analysis of the results post-processed from Ls-Dyna/USA finite element simulations highlights a new mechanism which is due to the action of hydrostatic pressure that continues to push inward the immersed cylinder. In order to improve the analytical model, a correction factor on the hydrostatic pressure is introduced but it is finally concluded that a new mechanism dedicated to the late action of the hydrostatic pressure still needs to be developed.     

Calibrating trust through knowledge: Introducing the concept of informed safety for automation in vehicles

There has been an increasing focus on the development of automation in vehicles due its many potential benefits like safety, improved traffic efficiency, reduced emissions etc. One of the key factors influencing public acceptance of automated vehicle technologies is their level of trust. Development of trust is a dynamic process and needs to be calibrated to the correct levels for safe deployment to ensure appropriate use of such systems. One of the factors influencing trust is the knowledge provided to the driver about the system’s true capabilities and limitations. After a 56 participants driving simulator study, the authors found that with the introduction of knowledge about the true capabilities and limitations of the automated system, trust in the automated system increased as compared to when no knowledge was provided about the system. Participants experienced two different types of automated systems: low capability automated system and high capability automated system. Interestingly, with the introduction of knowledge, the average trust levels for both low and high capability automated systems were similar. Based on the experimental results, the authors introduce the concept of informed safety, i.e., informing the drivers about the safety limits of the automated system to enable them to calibrate their trust in the system to an appropriate level.     

不规则桩基大平台数值分析与应用

桩基础平台在沿海软土地基中应用广泛。对某不规则桩基平台进行数值模拟,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对某一大平台工程进行三维有限元建模,选取合适的接触模型模拟桩-土相互作用,在施加设计荷载后对模型进行整体运算。结果表明,模型中大部分桩体在桩-土相互作用下其桩节点高程12. 5 m附近摩阻应力达到最大,其中少数摩阻应力最大值发生于桩节点高程10或15 m处;各桩桩身摩阻应力沿着水平荷载合力方向不断增加。     

向量式有限元法在管土相互作用中的应用

向量式有限元法是基于向量式力学和数值计算的一种创新性的结构行为分析方法。文章采用三种弹簧模型模拟海床,将向量式有限元法用于钢悬链线立管触地段与海床土体相互作用研究中,编制相应Matlab求解程序,计算了端部施加一定位移下立管的位形和弯曲应力,并与他人基于有限差分法及ABAQUS的模拟结果进行对比,同时运用该方法分析了弹簧模型、土体刚度、土体吸力系数等参数对立管触地段变形和弯曲应力的影响。结果表明向量式有限元法在模拟静态端部位移加载下的管-土相互作用是准确和可行的,能够直接求解变形和内力,具有相对简洁性,此方法是对立管力学行为的模拟,符合实际运动变形过程。为模拟管-土相互作用提供了新方法,同时为进一步研究实际循环载荷下管-土相互作用奠定了基础。     

岩溶发育区深埋隧道水岩相互作用机理

结合渝怀铁路圆梁山隧道涌水实例,运用地球化学和断裂力学有关理论分析岩溶区深埋隧道的水岩相互作用机理,探讨水岩相互作用对岩溶地区隧道施工发生涌水、突泥的影响。研究表明:岩体的水力劈裂作用导致的裂纹扩展属于Ⅰ Ⅱ复合型裂纹问题;隧道开挖改变岩溶地下水循环系统的平衡,特别是深埋隧道在高水压作用下,施工爆破等作业使围岩裂隙的连通性增大,张开度增加,围岩体内裂隙发生扩展是最终形成大岩溶管道的关键;在高水头压力作用地段,水力劈裂作用造成导水裂隙进一步扩展,导致本来并不连通的岩溶管道产生水力联系,形成大型岩溶漏斗系统;如果隔水层在爆破过程中被破坏,大量岩溶水和填充物进入隧道可能会造成突发性大规模涌水突泥事故。超前地质预报或加强灌浆是确保隧道施工顺利通过隐伏大型岩溶区的有力工程措施。     

均值-极差法分析评价人-零件间的交互作用

给出了用均值—极差法评价人和零件间的交互作用的公式，用实例进行了分析，并与方差分析方法作了比较，结果显示两者差异不大。