A structural articulation method for assessing railway bridges subject to dynamic impact loading from track irregularities

This paper discusses the importance of track irregularities in railway bridge design, and presents a new technique for calculating the dynamic impact load induced by such irregularities: the structural articulation method. The properties of the combined bridge-suspension system are coupled through global mass, stiffness, and damping matrices. Under the proposed method, the true suspension system over a particular point on the bridge girder at time t is divided into equivalent suspension systems attributed to adjacent finite-element nodes of the bridge. The time-dependent effects of a moving mass are thereby included in the equation of motion.     

Interaction study of train–bridge–track systems using Maxwell model

The investigation of problems related to the interaction of train, bridge and track systems has been accelerated by the emergence of high-speed trains. Such studies are required, not only for the endurance issues regarding bridge and tracks, but to assure trains’ functionality and performance. The suspension mechanism of train systems is of prime importance in defining the functionality of high-speed trains, and accurate mathematical models of the mechanism are imperative. This paper introduces a numerical technique for an interaction study of train–bridge–track systems based on Maxwell (three-element type) modeling of the suspension mechanisms of vehicles. Track irregularity in sinusoidal form is also integrated into the mathematical model. Although the proposed technique is simple in formulation, it offers phenomenal accuracy in representing the interaction of train, track and bridge systems. In a numerical example, the dynamic behavior of a train–bridge system has been studied. Results of this analysis provide a valuable insight into the contributing roles of different parameters in this subject.     

Derivation of plastic framing requirements for polar ships

A new International Association of Classification Societies standard for polar ship design, in the form of a unified requirement is being developed by an international committee with representatives from many classification societies and with the active participation of many polar nations. The framing structural requirements have been developed by a combination of analysis of existing rules and ships, finite element (FE) analysis and analytical solutions of plastic collapse mechanisms. This paper describes the derivation of the 3-hinge and asymmetrical shear plastic collapse mechanisms using work–energy principles. Energy methods are robust and well suited for developing design standards. The results are shown to compare well with non-linear FE analyses of frame strength.     

准三维波生近岸流数学模型在裂流研究中的应用

阐述了一种考虑波流耦合作用的准三维近岸流模型SHORECIRC。该模型耦合了REF／DIF波浪模型（折／绕射模型）对近岸流进行模拟计算。基于该模型，将模拟结果与Borthwick等人在英国海岸工程研究所做的实验进行对比，验证了模型的正确性和适用性。在此基础上，进一步分析了波浪入射波高、入射角度、底摩阻及驼峰高度对裂流的影响，得出了一些有用的结论。     

Investigation of the impact of locomotive creep control on wear under changing contact conditions

This paper presents the locomotive traction controller performance with respect to the track wear under different operation conditions. In particular, an investigation into the dynamic response of a locomotive under changing wheel–rail friction conditions is performed with an aim to determine the effect of controller setting on track wear. Simulation using a full-scale longitudinal–vertical locomotive dynamic model shows that the appropriately designed creep threshold, controller, settings can effectively maintain a high tractive effort while avoiding excessive rail damage due to wear, especially during acceleration under low speed.     

OLED显示器件在车载应用上的机遇和挑战

近来随着有机电致发光显示器(OLED)技术的广泛研究以及在工业、家电、消费电子等商用化应用的不断深入,OLED也开始拓展车载应用市场。车载应用面临着比消费电子应用更严苛的要求,这促使OLED的研发和生产需要优化和改善来迎合车载应用的需求,而越来越多高新技术的运用也向OLED和FOLED以及TOLED打开了机会的大门。     

Nonlinear hydrodynamic responses of submerged moving payload in vicinity of a crane barge in waves

The wave interaction with a submerged cylindrical payload subjected to constrained motions in presence of a nearby floating crane barge is investigated in the three-dimensional numerical wave tank using a fully nonlinear potential flow model in the time domain. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic features of this submerged payload under pendulum motion in water waves as well as while it moves towards the sea bed at a constant vertical velocity. It is known that the presence of multiple side by side floating bodies in waves can create significant drift motion. In the present study the similar drift motion is observed for the side by side floating barge and submerged payload and it appears that the submerged payload under constrained motions may face a very large mean drift motion of nearly seven times that of the incident wave amplitude in the beam sea upstream condition. Emphasis is also given towards investigating and understanding the influences of natural frequency of the payload and shielding effect due to the presence of the floating barge. It is found that natural frequency coupled with shielding effect generates remarkable low frequency components in payload responses both in the head sea and the beam sea situations. The effect of different cable lengths, wave maker frequencies and downward moving velocities on payload responses under several geometric setups are studied and compared, and interesting features such as increased low frequency movement of the payload near the natural frequency region and existence of considerable low frequency motions even at a greater depth (while the payload is quite below the free surface) are observed.     

螺旋桨激振力作用下船体振动及水下辐射噪声研究

利用有限元法和边界元方法分析比较了螺旋桨激振力三个方向分力(轴向、横向、垂向)分别作用以及同时作用时引起的船体结构振动与水下辐射噪声。结果表明,船体结构在螺旋桨激振力作用下在轴频、叶频、一倍叶频、二倍叶频以及船体固有频率处振动响应出现线谱;横向螺旋桨激振力引起的船体水下辐射噪声最大,垂向力其次,最小是轴向力;三个方向激振力同时作用时船体最大辐射声功率出现在叶频处,主要由横向力引起,其次是轴频处,主要由轴向力引起。分析其原因主要是横向激振力在叶频时最大,而且与船体固有频率接近,产生共振,轴向力在轴频处次之。     

方形四立柱涡激运动及水动力性能分析

平台涡激运动是近年来海洋工程领域研究的热点和难点。本文将涡激运动系统简化为两自由度质量-弹簧-阻尼模型,引入雷诺平均应力模型求解N-S方程,将求解瞬态动力响应的四阶Runge-Kutta代码嵌入UDF程序中并采用动网格技术实现流场更新,对低质量比弹性支撑方形四立柱涡激运动进行数值研究。研究表明:涡激运动流向最大位移为0.31D,横向最大位移为0.61D;横向运动频率随折合速度的增加而增大,没有出现频率锁定现象;不同约化速度下运动轨迹图较为紊乱;尾涡模式总体呈现出2P模式。     

轴向附加力系作用下的群桩动态反应分析

为了较全面亦合理地揭示水平桩基振动特性,在建立桩的动力平衡方程式时均引入了桩顶静轴向力对水平位移影响的二阶偏导项,较为全面的揭示了群桩-分层土系统中各桩间的惯性相互作用效应(文中表征为动力位移相互影响因子)。由数值计算可知,桩顶轴向力的引入不能从本质上改变桩基振动形式,但会具有一定的P-△效应,其存在不仅增大了单、群桩水平变位,而且对基桩动力反应也会有明显影响。