穿越施工中管线与土层共同变形规律分析

研究目的:为了解穿越工程中管线与土层的共同变形规律,建立管-土相互作用三维有限元模型,分析土体及管线刚度、新建隧道直径、管线与隧道净距对管线沉降和内力的影响。研究管线沉降和弯矩随管土刚度系数K的变化规律,提出柔性管线、弹性管线和刚性管线的管土刚度系数K判定值,给出管线最大弯矩和最大沉降的简便计算公式。进行室内离心模型试验及现场实测,将管线监测数据与数值模拟进行对比研究。研究结论:(1)管线沉降和弯矩均随管土刚度系数K的增大而减小;(2)当K<0.1时,管线为柔性管线,管线与土层能够协同变形不产生脱空,此情况下可把土层沉降当作管线沉降来计算管线内力;(3)当K>100时,管线为刚性管线,管线很容易与土层产生脱空,可采用土层反力作为荷载来计算管线内力;(4)当0.1≤K≤100时,管线为弹性管线,可能与土层产生脱空,宜通过考虑管土分离的有限元模型进行其受力分析;(5)本研究成果可为隧道施工中既有管线的安全评价提供理论依据。     

整体式斜交桥台-桩-土体系往复加载拟静力试验

将整体式桥台引入斜交桥中形成整体式斜交桥，可有效改善地震中桥梁上部结构纵横向耦连效应造成的面内扭转及落梁现象；但整体式桥台中主梁与桥台浇筑为一体，在地震作用下将发生复杂的桥台-桩-土相互作用。为此，以某整体式斜交桥为原型，开展了斜交桥台-H形钢桩-土体系往复加载拟静力试验研究，探究了体系的抗震性能、台后土压力分布规律以及桥台和钢桩的水平变形特征等。结果表明：斜交桥台-H形钢桩-土体系具有较高的耗能能力及延性，台后土对体系的抗震性能影响显著。台后土提高了体系抗侧承载力及刚度，但亦造成正负向受力不对称性，其中正向抗侧承载力及刚度明显高于负向，但残余承载力及位移明显小于负向。在小位移（<0.01H，H为桥台高度）下，斜交桥台的台后土压力沿埋深方向近似呈三角形分布，最大土压力位于台底；沿水平方向呈抛物线形分布，最大土压力位于距桥台锐角0.25 m处；沿纵桥向呈三角形分布，最大土压力位于台背。在大位移（≥0.01H）下，台后土靠台背处出现明显扇形塌陷区域，导致桥台顶部土压力降低，沿埋深方向开始呈双折线分布，沿水平方向呈三折线分布，最大土压力位置不变；沿纵桥向呈双折线分布，最大土压力与台背距离随加载位移逐渐增加。试验结束时，桥台顶部塌陷区域深度近500 mm，宽度近600 mm。加载过程中桥台基本为刚体，出现平动及转动位移；由于部分台后土流动至钢桩前侧，钢桩顶部产生朝向台后土方向的局部累积变形，桩身水平变形在埋深0.25 m处出现拐点及最大值，而非桩顶，试验结束后无明显残余变形。     

Research developments in numerical methods of fluid-structure interactions in naval architecture and ocean engineering北大核心CSCD

流固耦合问题较为复杂,通常难以通过理论推导求得,而数值模拟则能提供一种有效的解决方案,并被广泛用于船舶与海洋工程领域。流固耦合数值方法根据其网格离散方式,可以分为贴体网格方法、非贴体网格方法、重叠网格方法和粒子类方法 4类,对这4类方法的特点及研究进展进行概述并总结得出:贴体网格方法和重叠网格方法均能精确捕捉界面的变形和演化,适合高雷诺数流动问题,在考虑结构变形时一般采用贴体网格方法,而考虑复杂几何形状的刚体运动时则常采用重叠网格方法;非贴体网格方法能够避免网格的更新操作,使计算较为简单,目前多用于模拟流动控制、水下柔性仿生航行器的研发以及多体运动干扰等问题;粒子类方法因其固有的拉格朗日属性,在模拟涉及自由液面剧烈变形、砰击、爆炸等强非线性流固耦合问题中发挥着重要作用。不同的流固耦合问题属性决定了不同方法的适用性,如何选取适合的数值方法,同时结合各类方法的优势开发新的计算方法以应对更为复杂的问题,是流固耦合算法开发的重要发展方向。     

Analysis on acoustic performance of floating raft vibration isolation system with liquid tank北大核心CSCD

［Objective］This paper aims to establish a dynamic model of a floating raft vibration isolation system with a liquid tank in order to study the mass effect of the liquid medium, tank form, structural stiffness and loading rate on acoustic performance. ［Methods］A floating raft system with a cuboidal or cylindrical liquid tank is taken as the research object, and a fluid-structure coupling finite element dynamic model is established. The dynamic force transmission rate and power flow are then used to evaluate the acoustic performance of the system. The influence of the mass effect of the liquid medium, tank form, structural stiffness and loading rate of tank volume on the acoustic performance of the floating raft system are analyzed.［Results］The results show similar laws obtained through the calculation and analysis of the floating raft system with two types of tanks. The structural stiffness of the tank affects the mass effect of the liquid medium in the tank to a certain extent. ［Conclusions］If full advantage is to be taken of the liquid mass effect in the tank with a large loading rate to improve the acoustic performance of the floating raft system, the design of the liquid tank and raft structure must have sufficient stiffness. In addition, under the condition that the floating raft structure has sufficient stiffness, its acoustic performance will improve significantly as the tank loading rate increases in the relevant low frequency range. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

How to road price in a world with electric vehicles and government budget constraints

In this paper we examine what characterizes second-best road prices targeting external costs from driving electric (EV) and conventional (ICEV) vehicles when there are distortionary labor taxes and binding government budget constraints. Further, we examine how this second-best pricing fits with government set goals of reducing CO₂ emissions. The paper further develops an analytical framework for assessing first- and second-best road prices on vehicle kilometers, extending it to include EVs and externalities that vary geographically and by time of day. We find that optimal road prices largely vary with external cost, but are also significantly affected by the interactions with the rest of the fiscal system. Not surprisingly, the highest road prices should be for ICEVs in large cities during peak hours due to high external costs. More surprisingly, we find that the road price for ICEVs in rural areas should be lower than that for EVs due to large fiscal interaction effects. These road prices give large welfare gains, but they lead to no reduction in carbon emissions when applying the currently recommended social cost of carbon.     

扩孔隔震桩-土相互作用受力性能拟静力试验

整体桥上部结构在温度及地震作用下所产生的纵桥向变形极易导致混凝土桩的顶部区域发生破坏.扩孔并填充阻尼材料可形成扩孔隔震桩,提高整体桥中混凝土桩的抗震性能.以某整体桥的桥台下单桩为工程背景,考虑不同扩孔直径和阻尼填料(橡胶颗粒和泡沫),开展扩孔隔震桩-土相互作用受力性能拟静力试验研究.研究发现:达到最大荷载时,无扩孔试件...     

盾构及掘进流程虚拟现实系统开发

为进行盾构施工研究和降低盾构掘进现场培训给盾构施工相关人员带来的风险,采用数字样机结合虚拟现实技术以拓展传统的虚拟样机的概念,功能上具备虚拟装配、运动仿真、工作过程及各种标矢量场可视化的仿真能力,实现了盾构设备及施工场景的虚拟样机实例研究和实验室盾构操作、维护等培训。     

政治转型中行为者策略互动分析

更为形式化定量的动态博弈树方法可以对政治转型中的行为者一一政府与反对派策略互动展开分析.考虑两种政府的价值偏好,一种是当现政府谋求永远执政地位时与反对派策略互动方式,二是当现政府并不谋求永久执政,而谋求定期执政时与反对派策略互动方式,进而讨论分析这两种目标所带来的转型路径的差异,弥补现有行为者方法的诸多不足,得出了一些有价值的结论.     

高桩墩台桩土共同作用对结构内力的影响*

根据广州某高桩墩台结构断面图和土层参数勘察报告,建立了包含墩台、桩基及土层的三维有限元模型。桩土界面采用面面接触模型,允许桩土分离及滑移,通过接触应力反映桩基土对桩的侧压力和摩阻力。分析得出了高桩墩台在多种荷载组合下的应力场和位移场,以及各桩的弯矩图和轴力图。并进一步将有限元结果与以丰海高桩墩台计算程序为代表的传统嵌固点法计算结果相比较,分析了2种方法单桩轴力图、弯矩图的差异及原因,同时分析了桩基土对结构内力的影响,得到桩排中的最大轴力弯矩桩的位置及单桩上轴力弯矩极值点的位置,为传统的嵌固点法计算结果提供了一些修改与补充,从而为高桩墩台结构设计提供参考。