随轴系做复杂空间运动的船舶 螺旋桨水动性能计算

船舶航行时,附在转轴上的螺旋桨通常做复杂的空间运动。这是因为一方面螺旋桨和转轴不可避免地存在偏心,使得在不平衡激励下转轴在绕自身中心线旋转的同时又发生空间涡动(又称为进动);另一方面,螺旋桨通常工作在不均匀的流场中(即使来流均匀,轴系涡动亦会导致流场的不均匀),桨叶表面的脉动力也会导致转轴的空间振动。对具有复杂三维运动的螺旋桨的水动性能预报是一个难点。本文建立了螺旋桨在流场中随轴系做复杂空间运动时的水动力预报数学模型,并利用不定常面元法求解了这一问题。该方法按时间步顺序求解,考虑了不均匀流场、轴系振动、尾涡的非线性运动及卷曲等因素。利用本文提出的方法并结合结构动力学模型,可以方便地研究流体-螺旋桨-轴系双向流固耦合等问题。同时该方法也可以用来预报船舶转弯、船舶升沉及纵摇振荡、螺旋桨启停及加速等复杂工况下的螺旋桨水动性能。文中通过一个算例验证了算法的有效性。最后,预报了轴系纵向振动幅值为1 mm,振动频率为3 Hz并伴有微量回旋振动时所引起的4381螺旋桨的脉动力。研究表明推力脉动分量大约为其静态分量的4.5/1 000,扭矩脉动分量大约为其静态分量的4/1 000。     

船舶电站虚拟操作平台智能评估系统

虚拟仿真是提高轮机模拟器训练效果的重要手段之一。为了更好的规避主观意识或者主观标准,特别引入智能评估系统,智能评估系统里最重要的参数就是各种评估规则下权重的使用,结合评估算法对人机交互操作进行有效性判断,提高学员培训的时效性和仿真真实度。     

圆中空夹层钢管混凝土压弯剪构件工作机理研究

利用有限元软件ABAQUS对圆中空夹层钢管混凝土压弯剪构件进行研究,分析了混凝土强度、内外钢管屈服强度、轴压比、截面名义含钢率及空心率等参数对圆中空夹层钢管混凝土压弯剪构件的荷载-变形关系曲线的影响规律,并对圆中空夹层钢管混凝土压弯剪构件荷载-变形关系曲线进行全过程计算分析。结果表明:混凝土强度、外钢管屈服强度及截面名义含钢率越大,构件极限承载力越高,空心率越大,构件极限承载力越低,而随着轴压比的增大,构件承载力先增大后减小;圆中空夹层钢管混凝土压弯剪构件荷载-变形曲线可分为三个阶段:弹性段、弹塑性段和塑性段。通过对这三个阶段中内外钢管和混凝土固定端的截面纵向应力分布云图及钢管与混凝土间相互作用的分析,揭示了圆中空夹层钢管混凝土在压弯剪作用下的工作机理。     

Effect of Fluid-Structure Interaction on Sealed Flow Field and Leakage Rate Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics

This paper addresses the issue of reciprocating compressors staggered labyrinth seal structure. The internal flow field of sealed structure, the displacement of cylinder and piston for different tooth profile angles are analyzed synchronously using FLUENT software, and the effects of fluid-structure interaction on the performance of the labyrinth seal are revealed. The results indicate that with the growth of tooth profile angle, the leakage rate of labyrinth seal tends to decrease first, and then increase. The results of fluid-structure interaction analysis are close to those of actual engineering. The effect of fluid-structure interaction makes tiny deformation in calculation mesh of piston and cylinder structure, and the coupling interaction affects the performance of the labyrinth seal.     

Automated driving and autonomous functions on road vehicles

In recent years, road vehicle automation has become an important and popular topic for research and development in both academic and industrial spheres. New developments have received extensive coverage in the popular press, and it may be said that the topic has captured the public imagination. Indeed, the topic has generated interest across a wide range of academic, industry and governmental communities, well beyond vehicle engineering; these include computer science, transportation, urban planning, legal, social science and psychology. While this follows a similar surge of interest – and subsequent hiatus – of Automated Highway Systems in the 1990s, the current level of interest is substantially greater, and current expectations are high. It is common to frame the new technologies under the banner of ‘self-driving cars’ – robotic systems potentially taking over the entire role of the human driver, a capability that does not fully exist at present. However, this single vision leads one to ignore the existing range of automated systems that are both feasible and useful. Recent developments are underpinned by substantial and long-term trends in ‘computerisation’ of the automobile, with developments in sensors, actuators and control technologies to spur the new developments in both industry and academia. In this paper, we review the evolution of the intelligent vehicle and the supporting technologies with a focus on the progress and key challenges for vehicle system dynamics. A number of relevant themes around driving automation are explored in this article, with special focus on those most relevant to the underlying vehicle system dynamics. One conclusion is that increased precision is needed in sensing and controlling vehicle motions, a trend that can mimic that of the aerospace industry, and similarly benefit from increased use of redundant by-wire actuators.     

The results of the pantograph–catenary interaction benchmark

This paper describes the results of a voluntary benchmark initiative concerning the simulation of pantograph–catenary interaction, which was proposed and coordinated by Politecnico di Milano and participated by 10 research institutions established in 9 different countries across Europe and Asia. The aims of the benchmark are to assess the dispersion of results on the same simulation study cases, to demonstrate the accuracy of numerical methodologies and simulation models and to identify the best suited modelling approaches to study pantograph–catenary interaction. One static and three dynamic simulation cases were defined for a non-existing but realistic high-speed pantograph–catenary couple. These cases were run using 10 of the major simulation codes presently in use for the study of pantograph–catenary interaction, and the results are presented and critically discussed here. All input data required to run the study cases are also provided, allowing the use of this benchmark as a term of comparison for other simulation codes.     

静水中并行两船水动力干扰数值研究

为比较分析单船与两船并行航行的水动力差异,探讨静水中两船并行时漂角、船船相对位置对船体阻力、侧向力及摇首力矩的影响规律,文章基于RANS方程采用SST k-棕湍流模型,数值分析了某两船静水并行时船船相互作用。研究表明：不同漂角下两船中对中并行时,船体所受阻力均较单船航行时有所增大且受到指向两船中间的附加侧向力;当两船并行斜航的漂角相反时,同一船舶位于迎流侧较背流侧时船体受力存在一定差异;两船并行直航时,船船相对位置对船体受力有较大的影响,当两船纵向间距小于一倍船长时,船船相互作用较为显著,在不同横向间距下,船体受力随纵向间距的变化规律相同,在一定纵向间距下,船间横向间距越小船船相互作用越强。     

复合材料螺旋桨水动力特性的流固耦合数值模拟

为了分析复合材料螺旋桨变形对其水动力性能的影响,利用FLUENT和ANSYS结构模块建立了一种流固耦合的方法。基于此方法分析了桨叶变形对敞水曲线,桨叶附近流场及其表面压力的影响。研究结果表明,初始几何为无侧斜无纵倾的螺旋桨变形后纵倾发生改变,使推力和扭矩系数变大,且推力系数和扭矩系数的增值随进速系数减小而增大。变形后的螺旋桨桨叶表面压力增大,压力系数变化最大值可达40%,螺旋桨轴向诱导速度变化最大值可达18.7%。     

水流中由双色波群在潜堤上激发的低频长波研究

双色波群经过试验水槽内的曲线潜堤生成低频波浪,比较纯波作用和逆流作用时波群生成低频波浪的特性差异。造波系统采用二阶造波理论,二阶伪自由长波得到有效抑制。试验重点观察了谐波的生成、短波的阻隔、特别观测了长波在波浪阻隔点处的穿透问题。详细阐述了低频波浪在阻隔点前后的衍生过程。     

PCaDA statement of methods

This paper describes the methods for the numerical simulation of pantograph–catenary interaction developed at Politecnico di Milano and implemented in the simulation software PCaDA (Pantograph–Catenary Dynamic Analysis). The paper also describes how these methods were applied in the pantograph–catenary interaction benchmark treated in this special issue and provides some evaluation of the results obtained using PCaDA in this benchmark.