申城地铁线路全自动巡检探索

上海地铁已经迈入超大规模网络化运维阶段,确保申城交通大命脉的畅通将变得越来越艰难且重要;然而管理者面对的是传统低效的维护手段和日趋严重的人员及组织管理难题。从一些行业痛点分析入手,探索一种基于现代传感器技术、机器人技术和智能数据处理技术,实现跨部门协同管理的地铁线路全自动巡检系统。试图优化现有的线路维护保养管理制度和流程,在实现管理效益和社会效益的同时,兼顾资源投入的有效性,为建设具有全球影响力的科技创新中心进行有益的探索。     

90年代日本造船业焊接施工方法的现状与展望

通过日本造船业焊接施工方法的现状与发展趋势,对造船焊接的高效化及其发展方向作了论述。     

大断面水下盾构隧道管片设计参数及其统计分析

以国内大型水下盾构隧道的构造设计为基础,结合国外典型盾构工程实例,分析我国水下盾构隧道衬砌构造设计现状,并对管片外径与管片楔形量、管片厚度、管片分块数、标准块圆心角、标准块重力等衬砌构造设计参数的相关性进行统计分析,论述管片厚度与最大水压、管片外径与隧道最小覆盖层厚度之间的关系。研究表明:我国大型水下盾构隧道接缝构造正在向单道止水密封、非榫槽平顺接缝、通用楔形平板型管片错缝拼装方面发展;研究还得出管片外径与管片厚度、管片分块数和标准块重力之间呈正相关性等一系列结论。     

一种适用于机器人换刀的新型滚刀刀座设计与分析

针对传统刀具更换动作复杂、机器人无法快速拆装刀具的问题，分析传统刀具卡块式紧固方式的受力特点，进行联动传动链与结构尺寸综合设计，开发一种连杆闭锁刀具紧固结构，实现机器人一次动作完成刀具快速拆装。利用有限元技术和接触理论，建立刀座紧固力学模型，研究刀座设计参数对刀座结构性能和紧固性能的影响关系；通过ANSYS Workbench平台，分析掘进工作状态下刀座应力分布和变形量，验证新型刀座静强度可靠性。经分析，新型刀座能够实现机器人一次位姿调整下刀具快速拆装，且满足掘进机施工对刀座系统的力学性能要求。     

Optical fiber based slide tactile sensor for underwater robots

In the underwater environment, many visual sensors don’t work, and many sensors which work well for robots working in space or on land can not be used underwater. Therefore, an optical fiber slide tactile sensor was designed based on the inner modulation mechanism of optical fibers. The principles and structure of the sensor are explained in detail. Its static and dynamic characteristics were analyzed theoretically and then simulated. A dynamic characteristic model was built and the simulation made using the GA based neural network. In order to improve sensor response, the recognition model of the sensor was designed based on the ‘inverse solution’ principle of neural networks, increasing the control precision and the sensitivity of the manipulator.     

多层感知器自监督在线修正的道路识别算法

为解决自主移动机器人非结构化道路识别检测准确性、鲁棒性及实时性的问题，提出一种基于感兴趣区域(Region of Interest，ROI)与多层感知器(Multi-Layer Perceptron，MLP)为核心的自监督在线修正算法.首先，通过ROI算法规定被处理图像的有效计算区域；其次，利用多层感知器对样本数据进行训练，将感兴趣区域按相应特征实现分类处理，并对分类区域进行形态学处理及特征提取处理，筛选出有效的行驶区域；最后，通过自监督在线修正算法替换错误处理结果，进一步保障道路分类识别的准确性.实验结果表明，改进算法能准确地识别出环境中的道路区域，具有良好的实时性与可靠性.     

斜拉索表观检测机器人的开发

斜拉索的受力性能与耐久性直接关系到斜拉桥的结构安全。由于长期暴露在各种环境因素中,斜拉索极易出现表面开裂,内部钢丝锈蚀等病害。因此,定期对其进行检测显得尤为重要。现依据象山港大桥和清水浦大桥,针对斜拉索出现的典型病害特征与检测要求,开发了一种斜拉索表观检测机器人。该机器人具备了小型化、快速自爬行、高质量图像采集、缺陷自动化识别等优点。     

Dynamic Analysis of the Biped Ice-skater Robot of Passive Wheel Type

A new passive wheel type of biped ice-skater robot （BISR） subjected to nonholonomic constraints was presented on the basis of ice-skating principle. Its motion principle and construction were discussed. After the model was simplified and the coordinate systems were established, the motion differential equations of the robot were obtained with the generalized Lagrange-Maggi equation when the nonholonomic constraints existed. Actual examples were given and the result was simulated on computer.     

积分变结构控制原理在AUV航向控制中的应用仿真

文章研究了积分变结构控制在自主水下机器人(AUV)航向控制系统中的应用,建立了AUV水平面的非线性模型,并在特定的工作点对模型进行了线性化处理,得到了AUV的控制设计线性模型.根据变结构控制理论设计了积分变结构控制器,并给出了消除抖振的方法.仿真试验验证了该设计方法的有效性.     

Arranging transient process used in iterative learning control system

Considering the same initial state error in each repetitive operation in the iterative learning system, a method of arranging the transient process is given. During the current iteration, the system will track the transient function firstly, and then the expected trajectory. After several iterations, the learning system output will trend to the arranged curve, which has avoided the effect of the initial error on the controller. Also the transient time can be changed as you need, which makes the designing simple and the operation easy. Then the detailed designing steps are given via the robot system. At last the simulation of the robot system is given, which shows the validity of the method.